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C D Keller

Publications and source records attributed to C D Keller.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Implementation of Current Good Manufacturing Practices in a small research laboratory setting.

The Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) for Finished Pharmaceuticals as found in 21 CFR 211 is specifically geared to the regulation of drug-manufacturing processes in industry. However, under some circumstances, it becomes necessary to apply the regulation to manufacturing operations in a research laboratory setting. Application of the regulations in such a setting requires management commitment, cooperation between QA/QC and technical staff, patience, creativity, and an understanding of the spirit behind the letter of the law. Breaking down the regulations into their fundamental parts gives insight into the intent of the regulations and aids in their application. This article will outline our experience in applying the cGMP in a research laboratory setting.

Drug Industry↗

Are "passive" extension exercises really passive?

When rehabilitating patients with back dysfunction, extension exercises that are presumably "passive" for the erector spinae muscles are frequently used. The purpose of this study was to record electromyographic (EMG) activity from back extensor muscles to determine if these muscles are truly inactive during these maneuvers. Surface EMG was recorded bilaterally from lower lumbar muscles in 62 pain-free subjects. The root-mean-square EMG activity, recorded in microV, for the four positions tested was (mean +/- SD): lying prone (1.268 +/- 0.902), extension in lying prone (6.713 +/- 6.976), standing neutral (4.760 +/- 3.282), and extension in standing (3.558 +/- 2.273). One-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that EMG activity was greatest for extension in lying prone (p < .05), equivalent between the two standing positions (p > .05), and least when lying prone (p < .05). The results of this study demonstrated that "passive" extension exercises were not truly passive for lumbar back extensor muscles. From a clinical perspective, if the performance of passive back extension is important, extension in lying prone may not be the exercise of choice and having patients lying prone may be the most beneficial.

Adult↗