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Biomedical subjects

C D Lox

Publications and source records attributed to C D Lox.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the circulating fraction of the HER-2/neu oncogene in patients with cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate circulating HER-2/neu in cervical cancer patients prior to and following treatment. METHODS: Controls, and patients with either cervical dysplasia or cancer taken from an active gynecologic oncology service were evaluated for the expression of HER-2/neu in serum by ELISA before and following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or combinations thereof. The resulant data was then evaluated for significance by either ANOVA or non-parametric testing. RESULTS: Mean differences were noted for patients with cervical cancer compared to controls. Patients with a good response to the chemotherapy indicated an increase in the serum oncogene, while those not responding either had no marked change or decreased the level of serum HER-2/neu. CONCLUSIONS: As serum HER-2/neu is a membrane bound portion of the intact molecule, these results suggest that due to the induction of cell death and breakdown, the liberation of this fraction (increased levels in the serum), is a viable indicator of response to treatment in some patients. A more detailed examination of this possibility along with expanded correlation with tissue expression is required.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical effects in women following one year's exposure to a new triphasic contraceptive--I. chemistry profiles.

1. Thirty-nine nonsmoking women, 14 who had never used oral contraceptives and 25 who had a prior history of contraceptive use were placed on a 1-year regimen of oral triphasic contraception containing a new progestin. 2. Biochemical determinations of 21 different variables were made at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of exposure. 3. Most of the significant changes were in those women with no prior exposure to contraceptives. 4. Thyroxine increased and T3 decreased, as did urinary cortisol. No changes were noted in the CBC, hematocrit, or platelet count. Slight increases in cholesterol and triglycerides resulted, with small nonsignificant increases in LDL also occurring; this increase was also noted for HDL. 5. The experimental contraceptive seems to have a very minimal influence on chemistry profiles, suggesting a favorable biochemical response to the progestin.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical effects in women following one year's exposure to a new triphasic contraceptive--II. coagulation profiles.

1. Coagulation variables were determined in 14 contraceptive nonusers and 25 prior contraceptive users at 3, 6, and 12 months' exposure to a new oral form of progestin. 2. Overall hemostasis was unaffected, as was the intrinsic pathway. 3. Changes were noted in several vitamin-K dependent factors along with a marked decrease in fibrinogen. 4. Protein C antigen (a coagulation inhibitor), was elevated. 5. This new triphasic contraceptive appears to have a minimal influence on thrombosis while activating antithrombotic protein C. The data suggest a favorable hematologic response to this contraceptive.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of propranolol hydrochloride singularly or in conjunction with ethanol on clotting activity in the rat.

1. This study was designed to see if propranolol hydrochloride alone or in conjunction with ethanol had any marked effect on blood coagulation. 2. Rats were given the compounds for 7 days and clotting activity measured. 3. Propranolol induced changes in coagulation, both alone and in conjunction with ethanol. 4. The data suggest that propranolol plus ethanol induce changes that could be detrimental to hemostasis to a greater degree than propranolol alone.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Cytokines and PAF release from human monocytes and macrophages: effect of hemoglobin and contaminants.

Monocytes [M] were isolated from venous blood of healthy volunteers and activated macrophage-leukocytes (Mø-L] were obtained from peritoneal fluid of patients with mild endometriosis. The M were incubated with pyrogen free CELLGRO culture medium [Control], and with 0.2 mM of [A] unmodified bovine hemoglobin (UHb), [B] Hb crosslinked to form polymers with M.W. < 400 kDa (LMWHb), [C] Hb crosslinked to form large polymers (< 1,020 kDa) (HMWHb), and Mø-L additionally with [D] UHb contaminated with endotoxin (Hb+E) (2.5 EU/mL), and [E] UHb contaminated with phospholipids (Hb+PLs). The Mø-L medium of incubation was tested for TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF and PAF after 6 and 24 hours, but M for TNF alpha and GM-CSF at 12, 24 and 36 hours. Mø-L were found more responsive than M colonies. The strongest reaction of Mø-L was to Hb+E, which produced levels of cytokines and PAF higher than Controls (p < 0.001). Hb+PLs induced smaller increases of TNF and IL-6, and a decrease in the levels of IL-1 and GM-CSF. However, the release of PAF was much greater with this Hb than with Hb+E. UHb caused an increase in TNF, as compared to control (p < 0.01). LMWHb generated a similar increase in TNF, but also a decrease in IL-1. Both polymerized Hb forms inhibited expression of GM-CSF. HMWHb induced high levels of TNF, IL-1 and PAF. UHb, LMWHb and HMWHb significantly increase levels of TNF in M cultures after 36 hours of incubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Reaction of human endothelial cells to bovine hemoglobin solutions and tumor necrosis factor.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated for 24 hours with 0.1 mM or 0.3 mM of: [A] unmodified (U) Hb-FeIIO2; [B] UHb-FeIII; [C] UHb-FeIV-OH; [D] polymerized low molecular weight Hb (< 400 kDa); [E] polymerized high molecular weight Hb (< 1,020 kDa); [F] polymerized low molecular weight Hb + Endotoxin (2.5 EU/mL); [G] rTNF alpha 100 pg/mL; [H] rTNF alpha 400 pg/mL; [I] rTNF alpha 800 pg/mL. The medium of the incubation was tested for LDH (index of cell injury), and for cytokines GM-CSF and IL-1 alpha released by the cells. The data suggests that oxidation status of the iron in the Hb molecule and concentration of Hb play an important role in causing EC injury. The highest toxicity was observed when EC were incubated with 0.1 mM of UHb-FeIV-OH (ferryl-Hb) and no toxicity with 0.3 mM of Hb-FeIII (ferric-Hb). The direct stimulation of EC by Hb for the production of IL-1 was limited, related only to high molecular weight Hb polymers or to Hb+E, however GM-CSF expression was increased by almost all Hb forms. TNF induced dose-related injury (R2 = 0.986), and dose-related release of IL-1 (R2 = 0.977). A different EC reaction was observed on the release of GM-CSF. Intermediate levels of TNF (400 pg/mL) increased the expression of this cytokine, while high levels (800 pg/mL) blocked its release.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Beta-endorphin levels in women with elevated prolactin and following bromocriptine therapy.

1. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin were not significantly different in women with normal plasma prolactin or women with hyperprolactinemia. 2. A bromocriptine induced decrease in plasma prolactin was not accompanied by a decrease in beta-endorphin. 3. This study suggests that no direct link exists between plasma prolactin levels and endogenous beta-endorphin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of marine fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids) on lipid profiles in women.

1. Cycling women both taking or not taking oral contraceptives and menopausal women on replacement estrogen ingested 3 g daily of marine fish oil for 30 days. 2. Triglycerides decreased in the contraceptive users, cholesterol and LDL increased in the non-contraceptive user; while LDL decreased in the menopausal women. 3. After 14 days removal of the fish oil, lipid profiles generally returned to a pattern generally thought to be harmful. 4. Fish oil appears to alter lipids favorably in women receiving exogenous estrogens compared to natural circulating estrogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effects of dietary marine fish oils (omega-3 fatty acids) on coagulation profiles in men.

1. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of low dose ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids on clotting profiles in healthy men ingesting 3 g of MaxEPA (900 mg omega-3 fatty acids) daily for 30 days. 2. No effect was noted on either platelet aggregation or circulating prostaglandin levels. 3. Significant decreases were noted for total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. 4. Clotting factor decreases were noted for factors primarily of the intrinsic pathway and several factors which promote fibrinolysis. 5. The data suggests that low level ingestion of marine fish oil has a beneficial effect on lipids and possibly the clotting profiles in healthy men.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Seminal concentssrations of total and ionized calcium from men with normal and decreased motility.

In this study, sperm motility, velocity, and progression were compared with the total and Ca++ concentrations in the SF from men with normal and decreased motility (less than 60%). No significant difference in SF total calcium content was observed in men with normal and hypomotility. However, a statistically significant decrease in seminal Ca++ was observed in those men with decreased motility, when compared with that of men with normal motility.

Calcium↗
PubMed1989

Newborn's fibrinolytic mechanism: components and plasmin generation.

Plasminogen activity and antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, and plasmin generation rates were determined in 32 normal newborn plasmas and 25 normal adult plasmas. The newborns showed reduced levels of plasminogen activity and antigen and tPA antigen, and activity, normal levels of PAI activity, and slower plasmin generation rates. The slower generation was shown to be due to the hypoplasminogenemia. The in vitro plasmin generation studies also showed that the newborn needed 11 times the usual concentration of urokinase and 5 times the usual concentration of tPA to achieve the minimal activation rate of the adult.

Caseins↗
PubMed1989

Toxic factors in the red blood cell membrane.

The toxic effects of hemolysed RBCs have been studied for more than 100 years, but the specific factors involved have not been identified. This study focused on phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), two aminophospholipids that normally reside on the cytoplasmic side of the red cell membrane. An in vitro experiment with murine peritoneal exudate macrophages showed that PE and PS: a) stimulated the production of H2O2, complement factor C3a, prostacyclin, and thromboxane at a dose of 5 micrograms/ml; b) produced cell injury, evidenced by release of lipid peroxides, LDH, and by morphologic changes on phase-contrast and electron microscopy at a dose of 50 micrograms/ml; and c) caused cell death in 50-66% of cells at a dose of 100 micrograms/ml. An in vivo experiment showed that PE and PS injected intravenously into various groups of rabbits: a) caused only transient hypotension at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight; b) caused significant hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, bronchospasm, activation of intravascular coagulation, complement, platelets, and leukocytes with release of histamine, serotonin, and thromboxane at a dose of 0.10 mg/kg; and c) caused cardiac arrest and death at a dose of 0.30 mg/kg. In contrast, the phospholipids of the outer cell membrane (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol) caused minimal toxicity in vitro and none in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Elevated testosterone level in response to clomiphene in male Anolis carolinensis.

Anolis carolinensis were used as experimental models to study the short-term effects of the fertility drug, clomiphene citrate, on male squamate reproductive function. Daily injections of 10.0 micrograms of clomiphene induced an increase in plasma testosterone over a 5 day period. No change in testis mass or morphology was elicited over this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pain threshold changes induced by acute exposure to altered ambient temperatures.

Our previous findings that the degree of endotoxin-induced hypotension in the dog is inversely related to ambient temperature (19 degrees through 30 degrees C) and that only increased doses of naloxone are effective at 19 degrees C suggested that opioid activity is also influenced by ambient temperature, increasing in the cold and decreasing in the warm. Others have reported increases in plasma beta-endorphin in rats with acute exposure to both 5 degrees and 36 degrees C. In this study we measured changes in pain thresholds after both acute and chronic exposures to lesser alterations in ambient temperature as a potentially more sensitive index of changes in central opioid activity. Compared to 24 degrees C there was a marked increase in pain threshold with acute exposure to 10 degrees C and marked decreases at 30 degrees and 35 degrees C. A slight decrease occurred after 30 minutes but not 60 or 120 minutes at 19 degrees C. All acute changes disappeared three hours after the animals had been returned from the altered ambient temperature to 24 degrees C. No changes were observed after six days chronic exposure to 10 degrees or 30 degrees C. These findings suggest that moderate, acute changes in ambient temperature can produce inversely related, adaptable alterations in central opioid activity.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1985

Effects of acute ethanol intoxication combined with secobarbital abuse on hemostasis.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0.5 ml of 46% ETOH, 2.8 mg/kg of secobarbital or 14.3 mg/kg secobarbital or combinations thereof. Twenty-four hours following treatment, blood clotting data was determined. The data indicated that either ethanol or secobarbital alone is just as detrimental to hemostasis as is the combined abuse of both. Likewise, a lesser concentration of alcohol was just as disruptive on hemostasis as was the greater concentration of ethanol.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1985

Effects of preeclampsia on maternal and cord blood clotting activity.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of preeclampsia on maternal and cord blood clotting parameters. Pregnant controls and preeclamptics plus their offspring had plasma analyzed for prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and clotting activity for factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, plus factor II antigen. Maternal data was consistent with that previously reported by numerous authors. The cord blood data showed that neonates of the preeclamptic mother had elevated fibrinogen and decreased II, V and VII activity, plus decreased II antigen. The data indicates that abnormal clotting parameters seen in the neonates from preeclampic mothers may result from impaired liver function and not as previously thought, from a deficiency in neonatal vitamin K.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1984

Effects of acute and chronic exposure to secobarbital on the activity of hepatic synthesized clotting factors.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either a single subcutaneous dose of 75 mg of secobarbital, or once daily injections of 20 mg of secobarbital for 7 days. Plasma was collected prior to treatment and 18 hours later (75 mg) or 8 and 15 days later (20 mg). Plasma was analyzed for the platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), and coagulation factor activities for factors II, V, VII, IX, and X. Treatment with a single subcutaneous injection of 75 mg of secobarbital caused statistically significant alterations in every clotting activity measured whereas 7 days of treatment with 20 mg once daily resulted in only 2 clotting factors being abnormal. These two factors returned to pretreatment levels following 7 days of withdrawal of secobarbital. The data indicates that a single larger dose of secobarbital is more influential on hepatic synthesized clotting factor activity than is longer treatment with a lesser dose.

Animals↗