PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C D Marsden

Publications and source records attributed to C D Marsden.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Clonidine in Parkinson disease.

Several theoretical considerations suggest that potentiation of central norepinephrine mechanisms may improve motor performance in patients with Parkinson disease receiving concurrent treatment with levodopa. Clonidine hydrochloride, an antihypertensive drug believed to directly stimulate brain norepinephrine receptors, was administered to a group of patients with relatively mild Parkinson disease and coexisting essential hypertension and to three patients with Parkinson disease manifesting the "on-off" response to levodopa. Although a significant antihypertensive effect was achieved, a change in parkinsonian disability could not be demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacological evidence for cerebral dopamine receptor blockade by metoclopramide in rodents.

Metoclopramide antagonises apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats (ED50 1.5 mg/kg), apomorphine reversal of reserpine-induced locomotor suppression in mice (50% inhibition produced by 17 mg/kg), and apomorphine- or amphetamine-induced turning behaviour in mice with unilateral lesions of the striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals (ED505.0 and 4.0 mg/kg respectively). Metoclopramide resembles pimozide in all these respects and appears to be a relatively potent antagonist of striatal dopamine receptors. Yet metoclopramide, in anti-emetic doses, has no effect on disability in Parkinson's disease or on the therapeutic benefit of L-Dopa and L-Dopa dyskinesias.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The influence of piribedil (ET495) on components of locomotor activity.

Recent evidence suggests piribedil affects both cerebral NA neurones and DA neurones and receptors since it increases brain MOPEG-SO4, an observation confirmed presently. In the reserpinised mouse piribedil and apomorphine caused a reversal of akinesia, which was significantly enhanced by concurrent administration of clonidine. However, piribedil neither reduced nor increased the motor effects of apomorphine or L-DOPA in the reserpinised mouse, but slightly enhanced that of amphetamine. Phenoxybenzamine reduced the motor action of L-DOPA but had no effect on that of apomorphine or amphetamine. These results suggest piribedil has no significant NA receptor blocking or stimulating action in the reserpinised animal. They confirm the view that piribedil increases cerebral NA turnover due to a presynaptic action on NA neurones.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

A genetic study of torsion dystonia.

A family study of 32 patients with torsion dystonia has shown at least two forms of generalized dystonia with onset in childhood. These two forms, an autosomal dominant and an autosomal recessive, are clinically indistinguishable. There were at least three families and probably about six to eight patients with the autosomal recessive variety. The remaining nine to 11 patients with generalized childhood dystonia are thought, because of a probable paternal age effect, to be examples of new dominant mutations. Since fitness with childhood onset is 1/20 of normal, most childhood dominant cases appear sporadically. Most of the other 15 patients (12 with onset in adult life) appear to have a non-genetic torsion dystonia, although an example of a benign adult-onset dominant form associated with a tremor has been observed. It is concluded that there are at least two forms of genetic torsion dystonia, an autosomal recessive form with onset in childhood, which, on evidence from America, is particularly common in Ashkenazi Jews, and one or more dominant forms, with onset in childhood or adult life. The majority of adult-onset isolated cases of idiopathic torsion dystonia seem to be due to exogenous but unidentified causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Amphetamines in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Twenty-two patients with Parkinsonism were treated with levoamphetamine and 12 of these with dextroamphetamine. Levoamphetamine resulted in a significant improvement in disability from Parkinsonism, although the reduction in total disability, tremor, akinesia, and rigidity scores was slight (ca 20 percent). Dextroamphetamine in lower dosage also reduced disability by some 17 percent. The most disabled patients, including those also on levodopa, showed the greatest response to amphetamines. Previously, amphetamines have been reported to be a selective treatment for the oculogyric crises of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism. Amphetamines are thought to cause the release of catecholamines from central neurones. Their action in Parkinson's disease may be limited because of pre-existing striatal dopamine deficiency. Side-effects of amphetamines, anorexia, and CNS stimulation are different from those caused by levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Metoclopramide and pimozide in Parkinson's disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesias.

Metoclopramide is an antiemetic drug which occasionally produced acute dystonic reactions. Although known to interfere with central dopamine mechanisms, it is frequently used in Parkinson's disease to prevent levodopa-induced nausea and vomiting. In this study metoclopramide did not increase Parkinsonism or reduce levodopa-induced involuntary movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Pimozide, by contrast, increased Parkinsonism and reduced involuntary movements. The capacity of metoclopramide to produce acute dyskinesias while being apparently free of Parkinsonism effects is pharmacologically unique and differentiates this drug from the phenothiazines and butyrophenones.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Note on the scoliosis of Parkinsonism.

A lateral deviation of the spine and a corresponding tendency to lean to one side was found in 19 and 21 consecutive unoperated patients with Parkinsonism encountered in an outpatient clinic. The direction of postural deviation correlated significantly with the laterality of the major signs and symptoms of Parkinsonism. The phenomenon appears to be analogous to the postural asymmetries produced in experimental animals by unilateral lesions of the nigroneostriatal pathways.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Myoclonus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗