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Biomedical subjects

C D Tesche

Publications and source records attributed to C D Tesche.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Theta oscillations index human hippocampal activation during a working memory task.

Working memory (WM) is the ability to retain and associate information over brief time intervals. Functional imaging studies demonstrate that WM is mediated by a distributed network including frontal and posterior cortices, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In rodents, the presentation of stimuli in a WM task is followed by a reset of the phase of hippocampal theta. In this paper we report the observation of a similar phenomenon in normal human subjects. Neuromagnetic responses were recorded during presentation of a set of digits and a subsequent probe of the retained items. All stimuli were presented with a fixed temporal pattern. We observed phase reset of approximately 7 Hz theta in left hippocampus approximately 120 ms after probe stimuli, whereas reset of theta in right hippocampus was visible approximately 80 ms prior to these anticipated stimuli. The duration of stimulus-locked theta increased with memory load, with a limiting value of approximately 600 ms for 5-7 retained items. We suggest that, as in rats, stimulus-locked theta may index involvement of human hippocampal networks in the cognitive processing of sensory input. The anticipatory phase reset of theta indicates involvement of hippocampus in right hemisphere and cerebellar timing networks. Hippocampal structures are essential for orientation to perturbations in the sensory scene, a function that requires use of a context established by a constellation of stimuli. We suggest that the initiation and maintenance of stimulus-locked hippocampal theta observed here may facilitate processing of potentially salient and/or novel input with respect to a context established by the contents of WM.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Anticipatory cerebellar responses during somatosensory omission in man.

The traditional view of cerebellum is a structure that modifies and synchronizes elements of motor performance. Recent evidence indicates that human cerebellum is involved in a wide range of nonmotor sensory and cognitive functions. A common feature in these diverse motor and nonmotor tasks may be the capacity of cerebellar neuronal circuits to process and anticipate sensory input with high temporal acuity. We present evidence supporting this hypothesis from measurements of the magnetic field at the scalp evoked by neuronal population activity in human cerebellum. Intermittent electrical stimulation of the finger and the median nerve elicited stimulus-locked cerebellar responses with oscillatory components at 6-12 Hz and 25-35 Hz. Sustained oscillatory activity followed random stimulus omissions, with initiation of cerebellar responses prior to the next overt stimulus. These responses indexed processing of temporal features of somatosensory input independent of motor performance or response. The refractory behavior of the responses suggested that a neuronal trace of the temporal pattern of somatosensory stimulation remained in cerebellar circuits for 2-4 s. The cerebellar activity elicited by violation of an established temporal pattern was enhanced when attention was directed to somatosensory stimuli, in concordance with recent imaging studies suggesting participation of cerebellum in attentional networks. The attentional enhancement of the cerebellar responses supports the salience of cerebellar activity in the processing of purely somatosensory input. The short-term maintenance of cerebellar templates for predictable sensory input may reflect a physiological substrate for fine-grained temporal tuning and optimization of performance in large-scale sensory and integrative systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous early processing of sensory input in human primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices.

Simultaneous early processing of sensory input in human primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices. The anatomic connectivity of the somatosensory system supports the simultaneous participation of widely separated cortical areas in the early processing of sensory input. We recorded evoked neuromagnetic responses noninvasively from human primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices to unilateral median nerve stimulation. Brief current pulses were applied repetitively to the median nerve at the wrist at 2 Hz for 800-1,500 trials. A single pulse was omitted from the train at random intervals (15% of omissions). We observed synchronized neuronal population activity in contralateral SII area 20-30 ms after stimulation, coincident in time with the first responses generated in SI. Both contra- and ipsilateral SII areas showed prominent activity at 50-60 ms with an average delay of 13 ms for ipsilateral compared with contralateral responses. The refractory behavior of the early SII responses to the omissions differed from those observed at approximately 100 ms, indicative of distinct neuronal assemblies responding at each latency. These results indicate that SII and/or associated cortices in parietal operculum, often viewed as higher-order processing areas for somatosensory perception, are coactivated with SI during the early processing of intermittent somatosensory input.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Interactive processing of sensory input and motor output in the human hippocampus.

Recent studies of visuomotor integration suggest that the motor system may be intimately involved in the detection of salient features of the sensory scene. The final stages of sensory processing occur in hippocampal structures. We measured human neuromagnetic responses during motor reaction to an auditory cue embedded in high-speed multimodal stimulation. Our results demonstrate that large-scale cognitive networks may recruit additional resources from the hippocampus during sensorimotor integration. Hippocampal activity from 300 msec before to 200 msec after cued movements was enhanced significantly over that observed during self-paced movements. The dominant hippocampal activity appeared equally synchronized to both sensory input and motor output, consistent with timing by an intrinsic mechanism, possibly provided by ongoing theta oscillations

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Neural processing of human faces: a magnetoencephalographic study.

This is a whole head magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study of the neural processing of briefly presented images of human faces in 14 normal subjects. The experiments involved three tasks of increasing complexity, involving image categorisation, image comparison and the identification of emotion. The analyses were based on average responses to repeated stimuli in the different image categories. These averages were processed to give numerical measures of the power within defined regions and latency spans. The only statistically significant difference in these data between the response to faces and other images is in the right occipito-temporal channels at a latency of 140 ms. The face-specific response is largely independent of the task. Source modelling suggests an extended source in the ventral occipito-temporal region. The analysis supports the notions of both face-specificity and right hemisphere dominance for all image types at early latencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Non-invasive detection of ongoing neuronal population activity in normal human hippocampus.

A 122-channel magnetoencephalographic array was used to monitor ongoing neuronal population activity in six normal human subjects during the performance of a mental calculation and passive viewing of a picture. Signal-space projection was utilized to obtain waveforms and spectra for activity in anterior hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex. Hippocampal waveforms were complex. Spectral components below 12 Hz in hippocampus included task-dependent peaks superimposed on a broadband background of increasing amplitude at decreasing frequencies. MEG imaging of both waveforms and spectra for ongoing activity within hippocampus makes possible the investigation of the role of rhythmic and non-rhythmic hippocampal activity in normal human cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields arising from sources in the human cerebellum.

Somatosensory evoked neuromagnetic activity of human cerebellum was recorded noninvasively with a 122-channel whole-scalp magnetometer. Cerebellar source areas activated 13-19 ms after unilateral electric stimulation of the median nerve. The first signals preceded those occurring in the primary sensorimotor cortex at around 20 ms and overlapped in time with the activation of thalamic sources. The orientation and location of most prominent cerebellar activation suggest that the detected signals represent synchronized postsynaptic activity of spinocerebellar cortex. These signals are probably elicited by the first afferent sensory volley from peripheral nerve endings and mediated by spinocerebellar (cuneocerebellar) tracts. The results imply strong coherent activation of cerebellar neuronal populations after purely sensory stimulation. Moreover, with presented methods the millisecond-scale temporal resolution of neurophysiological measurements can be more generally applied to the study of neuronal population activity in intact human cerebellum.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Non-invasive imaging of neuronal population dynamics in human thalamus.

Waveforms for early thalamic and cortical population responses to unilateral median nerve stimulation at the wrist were determined non-invasively for six subjects from 122-channel magnetoencephalographic data. Biphasic responses in contralateral ventral thalamus were obtained in 9 hemispheres similar to depth-electrode results reported for patients. Thalamic responses occurred at 15.1-17.4 and at 19.2-24 ms. Responses in contralateral sensorimotor cortex began at 16.3-18.8 ms.

Evoked Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Non-invasive detection of neuronal population activity in human hippocampus.

Medial temporal brain structures and hippocampus are associated with memory encoding and activate during registration and transfer of information within cortico-hippocampal circuits. Hippocampal dysfunction may cause learning and memory deficits as well as epileptogenesis. We monitored neuronal population activity of the human hippocampal formation with a whole-head magnetoencephalographic array. Attention-dependent hippocampal responses were elicited by auditory oddball stimuli. The most prominent responses emerged 200-500 ms after attended oddballs in good agreement with earlier intracranial recordings. Some activation of hippocampal source areas was seen at 60-100 ms. This completely non-invasive method permits access to cortico-hippocampal neural networks on the millisecond time scale during normal and abnormal brain activation and thus provides a new tool for evaluation of cognitive processes and pathological conditions involving hippocampal formation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Signal-space projections of MEG data characterize both distributed and well-localized neuronal sources.

We describe the use of signal-space projection (SSP) for the detection and characterization of simultaneous and/or sequential activation of neuronal source distributions. In this analysis, a common signal space is used to represent both the signals measured by an array of detectors and the underlying brain sources. This presents distinct advantages for the analysis of EEG and MEG data. Both highly localized and distributed sources are characterized by the components of the field patterns which are measured by the detectors. As a result, a unified description of arbitrary source configurations is obtained which permits the consistent implementation of a variety of analysis techniques. The method is illustrated by the application of SSP to auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked-response MEG data. Single-trace evoked responses obtained by SSP of spontaneous activity demonstrate that a considerable discrimination against both system noise and uncorrelated brain activity may be achieved. Application of signal-space projections determined in the frequency domain to spontaneous activity illustrates the possibility of including temporal relationships into the analysis. Finally, we demonstrate that SSP is particularly useful for the description of multiple sources of distributed activity and for the comparison of the strengths of specific neuronal sources under a variety of different paradigms or subject conditions.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

Characterizing the local oscillatory content of spontaneous cortical activity during mental imagery.

We report on the determination of detailed spectra for simultaneously active sources of spontaneous neuronal activity in humans directly from data recorded with a whole-scalp 122-channel magnetometer array. Subjects rested with eyes open and performed two contrasting mental imagery tasks: the imagination of the self-performance of a motor activity and the silent generation of a chain of words. A novel analysis technique, frequency-domain signal-space projection (FDSSP) was utilized to determine the temporal and spectral characteristics of spontaneous brain activity at specific cortical sites. Although intersubject differences were significant, spectra for individual subjects contained task-dependent features which were reproducible over successive 20-s epochs. This result supports the concept of multiple sources of spontaneous cortical activity and suggests that detailed spectra of localized oscillatory activity obtained non-invasively with magnetoencephalographic arrays may provide a useful characterization of cortical involvement in mental imagery.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous measurement of magnetic and electric responses of in vitro hippocampal slices.

Simultaneous measurement of magnetic and electrical activity in in vitro hippocampal slices has been performed. A magnetic signal of 300-400 fT was observed coincident with extracellular electrical potential activity. Comparison is made with a current dipole model similar to that used for the analysis of magnetoencephalographic data, but with additional constraints obtained from the electrical signal. Limitations of this model for the hippocampal slice are discussed.

Animals↗