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Biomedical subjects

C D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C D Wilson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rat brain creatine kinase messenger RNA levels are high in primary cultures of brain astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and low in neurons.

Rat brain creatine kinase (CKB) gene expression is highest in the brain but is also detectable at lower levels in some other tissues. In the brain, the CKB enzyme is thought to be involved in the regeneration of ATP necessary for transport of ions and neurotransmitters. To understand the molecular events that lead to high CKB expression in the brain, we have determined the steady-state levels of CKB mRNA in homogeneous cultures of primary rat brain astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Northern blot analysis showed that whereas the 1.4-kb CKB mRNA was detectable in neurons, the level was about 17-fold higher in oligodendrocytes and 15-fold higher in astrocytes. The blots were hybridized with a CKB-specific 32P-antisense RNA probe, complementary to the 3' untranslated sequence of CKB, which hybridizes to CKB mRNA but not CKM mRNA. Also, the 5' and 3' ends of CKB mRNA from the glial cells were mapped, using exon-specific antisense probes in the RNase-protection assay, and were found to be the same in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. This indicated that (a) the site of in vivo transcription initiation in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was directed exclusively by the downstream, nonconcensus TTAA sequence at -25 bp in the CKB promoter that is also utilized by all other cell types that express CKB and (b) the 3' end of mature CKB mRNA was the same in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition, there was no detectable alternate splicing in exon 1, 2, or 8 of CKB mRNA in rat astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Weight control methods in high school wrestlers.

Severe weight control methods used by high school wrestlers have caused concern about these students' growth and athletic performance. There are minimal prevalence data on a few methods of weight control used by wrestlers and no information on the relationship to body fat measurements. Weight control methods and the percent body fat of wrestlers (n = 49) were compared to competitive squash players (n = 20) and noncompetitive jogging and fitness students (n = 38) at an independent secondary school. Wrestlers used dieting (p = 0.0002), binging (p = 0.026, vomiting (p = 0.046), sweating (p = 0.0001), and fluid restriction to less than 2 cups/day (p = 0.0014) significantly more often than controls (squash players and jogging/fitness students). There was no difference between the wrestlers' and controls' use of fasting (p = 0.5) or exercising (p = 0.1). Neither group reported using a diuretic or laxative during the sports seasons. Although the wrestlers' percent body fat was lower than controls (mean for wrestlers = 10.3 +/- 3.5%, mean for controls = 12.4 +/- 3.7%, p = 0.01), wrestlers perceived their mean ideal weight to be less than their present weight (wrestlers = -1.56 +/- 6.20 lb, controls = +1.92 +/- 9.49 lb, p = 0.03). The methods of weight control practiced could potentially impair an adolescent's growth and development as well as increase the risk of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance during competition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in the cow by the intramammary route and its effect on mastitis pathogens in vitro.

The pharmacokinetic and microbiological properties of a new third generation cephalosporin, cefoperazone, when given by the intramammary route to the cow are described. Cefoperazone is excreted from the udder over a three- to five-day period following a single infusion of 250 mg in an oil base into each of all four quarters. By the fifth milking after treatment the mean bucket (composite) concentration of cefoperazone was below 0.01 microgram/ml. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for 470 pathogens isolated from cases of mastitis were determined. A few exotic species were resistant but all the usual isolates were sensitive. No signs of transferable drug resistance from known multiple drug-resistant strains were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Observations on the incidence of clinical bovine mastitis in non-lactating cows in England and Wales.

Epidemiological features of clinical mastitis in dry cows from a three year prospective study are described. Two hundred and seventy-three herds in England and Wales participated in the first year (1980) and 209 and 159 of them continued in the study in the subsequent two years. Clinical mastitis was recorded in 1.5 per cent of cows during the dry period in each of the three years. These cases represented between 3.6 and 4.2 per cent of samples from all clinical cases examined. The incidence of clinical mastitis in dry cows increased during the winter housing period (October to March), a peak occurring at the end of this period. A secondary peak in incidence was recorded in August. Streptococcus uberis was the predominant pathogen. Variations in the monthly incidences of cases associated with the major mastitis pathogens were observed. A greater proportion of cases which occurred during the dry period exhibited systemic signs than of cases which occurred during lactation, with the exception of cases associated with Escherichia coli. The risk of clinical mastitis was apparently higher during the last 30 days of the dry period than during the earlier stages of the dry period.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of clinical mastitis in a cohort of British dairy herds.

A three-year survey to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis and the associated bacteria in dairy herds in England and Wales is described. Escherichia coli was the predominant organism in each year. Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus were important for part for each year. The annual incidence of mastitis declined from 54.6 cases per 100 cows in 1980 to 41.2 in 1982. The incidence increased with age and declined with increasing herd size. The culling rate due solely to mastitis was 3 per cent. Strep uberis was the pathogen most frequently isolated from clinical cases which occurred in the dry period. Thirty per cent of all cases recurred at least once and staphylococcal cases exhibited the highest frequency of recurrence.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Field trials with cefoperazone in the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis.

A single dose of 250 mg cefoperazone in an oil based suspension infused into bovine quarters suffering from clinical mastitis resulted in an overall clinical cure of 82 per cent in 597 cases, as assessed by veterinarians in four countries (Sweden, Denmark, France and the United Kingdom). Of those cases for which adequate bacteriological data were available 69 per cent of 434 cases were cured. There were no reports of adverse reactions following therapy of an affected quarter. The introduction of single dose treatment represents an advance in mastitis therapy as it offers a simpler and shorter treatment than most present day mastitis therapeutics when used according to recommendations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Eradication of Mycoplasma bovis infection from a dairy herd in Great Britain.

Mycoplasma bovis infection was eradicated from a naturally infected dairy herd in Great Britain by a programme of identification, segregation and culling of infected animals. A series of group and whole milking herd tests was carried out over a period of 15 months, followed by a whole herd nasal swabbing. Cows were also sampled after calving and at drying off and bulk tanks were sampled at weekly intervals during the same period and for a further nine months. Fifty-nine cows were identified as excretors, the majority in group or herd tests, but five after calving and three at drying off. Eight of the original clinical cases were retained in the herd, after repeated negative test results. Bulk tank sampling was found to be extremely useful in detecting infection even down to one cow in a milking herd of 300. The value of milking hygiene and the indications for eradication are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Toxic shock syndrome and diaphragm use.

A case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated with diaphragm use is presented. Adolescents who use a diaphragm should be informed of the symptoms of TSS, and those with the syndrome should be questioned about diaphragm use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Penicillin (cloxacillin)-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: identification and lack of correlation between tolerance in vitro and response to therapy in vivo.

Twenty-four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from naturally occurring cases of bovine mastitis were examined in vitro for resistance to cloxacillin. All strains produced penicillinase and none showed intrinsic resistance (methicillin resistance) to cloxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for all these strains was normal (low) but differences were found between them in their sensitivities to the bactericidal action. Three were considered to be tolerant to cloxacillin and a further five possibly so. In a mouse model of mastitis there was no difference in the response to intramammary therapy with cloxacillin between cloxacillin-sensitive or tolerant strains of S aureus and a known methicillin-resistant strain was similarly sensitive to cloxacillin therapy in vivo. It is concluded that cloxacillin tolerance may have little clinical significance in mastitis therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of national mastitis surveys in Great Britain and the Netherlands.

The results of a national survey of mastitis carried out in 1977 in Great Britain are compared with similar surveys carried out in the Netherlands. The results are very similar although the average herd-size was much higher in the British survey. The advantage of teat-dipping and dry-cow therapy was demonstrated. Both surveys showed a decrease in infection level with increasing herd-size but the reverse was true with increased age. The value of individual bulk-milk cell counts as an indicator of infection level is questioned.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Encapsulated, coagulase-negative strain of Staphylococcus simulans.

An encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus simulans (strain 76) isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis was demonstrated by the India ink technique, using both a light microscope and an electron microscope. The strain failed to kill mice after intraperitoneal inoculation but resisted ingestion by peritoneal phagocytic cells. The behavior of the strain helps to delineate the antiphagocytic role of the capsule.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Schlemm's canal: the effect of intraocular pressure.

We have shown that in the excised eye when oil in the anterior chamber has made the trabecular mesh impermeable, resistance to circumferential flow along the canal increases moderately as transmural pressure is increased. At the same time, resistance to outflow from the canal through the collector channels increases markedly as transmural pressure is increased from low levels to 35 or 40 mm Hg. We have suggested that the usual primary defect in open-angle glaucoma is reduced facility of the inner canal wall and that collapse of the canal with reduction of filtering area and plugging of collector channels is a secondary effect.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1980

A survey of mastitis in the British dairy herd.

Five hundred herds were examined to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the British dairy herd. The prevalences of the various infections recorded were Streptococcus agalactiae 3.4 per cent of quarters, S dysgalactiae 1.1 per cent, S uberis 1.5 per cent and Staphylococcus pyogenes 8.1 per cent. There were regional differences in the prevalence of some of these pathogens. The national prevalence of subclinical mastitis as defined by the International Dairy Federation was 9.6 per cent of all quarters. Udder infections were less prevalent in herds where mastitis control measures were being used. The prevalence of infection also declined as the size of herd increased. However, as the uptake of mastitis control measures was greater in the larger herds it seems likely that the widespread use of control measures was the most important factor responsible for the relatively low prevalence of subclinical mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Surface membrane characteristics of cells from human acute monocytic leukaemia.

The clinical and laboratory features of 4 patients with acute monocytic leukaemia are described. Surface membrane receptor studies of these patients have shown increasing strength of receptor expression occurs with increasing morphological maturity of the monocyte. In addition, the study shows that expression of membrane receptors can vary from patient to patient and also with time and treatment in an individual patient. A further finding has been the loss of positivity with specific anti-monocyte serum when the disease becomes refractory to therapy.

Adult↗