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Biomedical subjects

C D'Achille

Publications and source records attributed to C D'Achille.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical significance of holes in gloves for dental use: a spectrophotometric analysis.

The aim of this study on latex dental gloves was to establish whether there is any relationship between faults that are detected by filling with water and the entry of liquid into the gloves during use. Twenty-four gloves of different sizes were examined. Large and small holes randomly distributed on the index, middle, and ring fingers, were made in the gloves. The gloves were filled with water and squeezed to detect the amount of water escaping. A mass spectrophotometer was used with the same gloves to quantify the entry of an aqueous solution of potassium bichromate during work. The filling method was effective for revealing all faults in gloves, but it was not able to determine whether there would be fluid entry through the holes during work. While the size of the holes was not predictive for the amount of liquid entering the glove, adherence of the glove to the hand was. Holes of the same size allowed a greater entry of contaminated liquid in adherent gloves than in looser ones.

Dentists↗
PubMed1991

[Tartar and periodontal disease--a cofactor in etiopathogenesis].

Calculus may be considered as an aggregate of calcified deposits or deposits that are going to calcify in the oral cavity. From a topographical point of view calculus is classified in supragingival and subgingival calculus. Calculus is composed by inorganic (70-80%) and organic (20-30%) components. Calculus results from calcification of plaque and epithelial cells exfoliated from oral mucosae. Calcification phenomena (carbonic acid theory) are caused by a rapid fall down of salivary acidity when saliva springs out gland ducts. In fact in the mouth there is a lower pressure of carbon dioxide than in the gland ducts. From this fact results that calcium bicarbonate (dissolvable) becomes calcium carbonate (undissolvable) that forms, starting from nucleating particles, calcium carbonate crystals. Then calculus is one of the most important cofactors in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease: a) it favors plaque growth and stabilizes it to dental and periodontal tissues; b) it favors retention of food debris and hinders dental cleaning; c) it has endotoxins and lets them free slowly; d) it hinders periodontal recovery. From this study it results that scaling and root planing are one of the first steps in periodontal therapy.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1991

Sharpening of ultrasonic scalers.

Instruments suitable for removing calculus, plaque and necrotic cementum, which hinder normal periodontal reattachment, are extremely important for successful therapy. The test was carried out in order to see if a standard scaler used for ultrasonic tartar removal maintains its physical features when sharpened. 6 scalers, compatible with piezo-electric generators, were tested and 2 diameters, A and B, weights and resonance frequencies were measured. Scalers no. 2, 3, 4, 5, were sharpened and was used as control. All measurements were taken again at the end of the test. Statistical analysis reveals significant variations, after sharpening, of A diameter (t = 4.14 greater than 3.55, p less than 0.01), B diameter (t = 5.34 greater than 3.355, p less than 0.01) and resonance frequency (t = 2.82 greater than 2.306, p less than 0.05); in contrast, there is no significant change of weights (t = 1.17 less than 2.306, p greater than 0.05). These results suggest that sharpening slightly modifies the physical features of ultrasonic tips, so that sharpening ultrasonic scalers, from a physical point of view, can be carried out, paying attention not to damage the water cooling system.

Dental Scaling↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of the permeability of latex gloves for use in dental practice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the permeability of the disposable, nonsterile gloves used in dental practice. A visual inspection and a water-filling test were carried out on seven different brands of gloves. Only five of the seven makes analyzed showed a value of pinch marks statistically not different from 2% (the limit recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials). Analysis of the gloves with holes revealed that only four makes showed a value statistically not different from 2%. Finally, only three of the seven makes analyzed had a number of defects statistically not different from 2%. It may therefore be stated that the average quality level currently available should be improved to guarantee a safer and more effective protection against oral pathogens in dental practice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Normality and pathology of the interdental papilla].

Interdental papilla is the portion of gingiva between two adjacent teeth. It has only recently been correctly described by Cohen. Before this interdental papilla was considered only a gingival trait roughly pyramidal in shape. Furthermore, for a long time, the interdental gingiva function was seen only as deflection of interproximal food debris. Now it is clear that the physiology of the papilla is more complex, that it is a biologic barrier to protect deep periodontal tissues. So it's very important to respect papilla integrity during all dental practice and it may be important to keratinize, by interproximal brushing the col to increase its resistance. Besides, during periodontal disease, the interproximal gingiva changes its morphology and histology, so that it's very useful to analyze it to obtain an exact clinical evaluation of disease.

Gingiva↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gloves: some unknowns].

The diffusion of transmissible diseases such as the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, well known as AIDS, has induced in the population a great sensibility to the problem of disease transmission. Dentists and patients, because of peculiar features of oral environment and dental procedures, are very exposed to these risks. For this reason every technique which reduces the risk of cross-infections patient to patient and patient to dentist to patient are absolutely necessary. From this point of view the use of gloves is very important to protect dental operator and patients. The aim of this study is: a) to stress the importance of mechanical barriers, like gloves, in dentistry in order to sensitize dental practitioners to the use of gloves; b) to underline that the quality of dental gloves in Italy is lower than in other countries which have a quality standard.

Cross Infection↗