RNA lariat debranching enzyme.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
C Dann
Publications and source records attributed to C Dann.
Development of a screening instrument for language in older people (Barnes Language Assessment).
Language changes are associated with several types of age-related degenerative processes and are known to be particularly stressful for carers. Managing language and communication difficulties in older people has been shown to be an important aspect of dementia care. A test such as the one described here, might be a useful tool for health professionals planning care for older people with possible diagnoses of dementia. The information gained could be used as part of multi-disciplinary team assessment. This paper describes the development of a clinically viable assessment tool for the assessment of language and associated cognitive skills in the older population. Data on 43 normal older people were used to establish preliminary means and lower normal limits, as a guide to distinguishing performance associated with normal age-related change from performance associated with pathology. In the next phase data was collected from 43 older people with possible dementia who were attending clinics and hospital departments. The results suggest that the Barnes Language Assessment can profile language skills and difficulties and may be a useful diagnostic tool to contribute to language assessment of older people. Indications for further research are discussed.
Aged↗
A screening instrument for language in older people (Barnes Language Assessment).
This paper describes the development of a clinically viable tool for the assessment of language and associated cognitive skills in the older population which was instigated by the SIG Psychiatry of Old Age (South of England). A series of sub-tests is described. Data from normal older people is used to establish preliminary means and lower normal limits as a guide to distinguishing performance associated with normal age-related change from performance associated with pathology. The importance of allowing for the effects of normal age-related changes on language processing is illustrated. Data from older people with pathology attending clinics and hospital departments is also presented. Quantitative and qualitative language profiling is outlined. Data analysis suggests that the Barnes Language Assessment is able to profile language skills and difficulties. Indications for further research are discussed.
Aged↗
Enantiomeric resolution using the macrocyclic antibiotics rifamycin B and rifamycin SV as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis.
Rifamycin B and rifamycin SV belong to the class of macrocyclic antibiotics known as ansamycins. These macrocyclic antibiotics were used as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis to enantioselectively resolve a number of chiral compounds. They contain groups capable of providing the types of multiple interactions necessary to achieve chiral recognition between enantiomers. In fact, they appear to be complimentary in the types of compounds they can enantiomerically resolve. Rifamycin B is shown to be enantioselective towards positively charged compounds, while rifamycin SV was enantioselective towards negatively charged solutes. The choice of wavelength for detection significantly affects sensitivity. Monitoring one of the wavelengths which coincide with the absorption minima of the chiral selector enhances sensitivity. Resolution is enhanced by keeping the amount of analyte injected on column as low as possible and it is demonstrated that it is possible to detect as little as 0.1% of one enantiomer in the presence of the other enantiomer using indirect detection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Self-concept, Class II malocclusion, and early treatment.
Increased overjet has been associated with teasing, negative stereotyping, and low self-concept. Early treatment for children with Class II malocclusion is often recommended under the assumption that an improved dental appearance may benefit a child by increasing his or her social acceptance and hence self-concept. The self-concept of 208 patients, age 7 to 15 years and with increased overjet, was measured before treatment using the Piers-Harris self-concept scale; a subset of 87 of these children were measured again after 15 months of early growth modification. The mean self-concept score for these children was above the population norm, and there was no association between the child's score and the magnitude of his or her overjet or age. Although some significant associations were found between Class II malocclusion features and self-concept scores, the explained variation in self-concept scores was low (R2 from 5% to 8%). There was no change in the mean self-concept score of these children during early treatment, nor was there any association between reduction of Class II malocclusion features and improved self-concept. These findings suggest that children with Class II malocclusion do not generally present for treatment with low self-concept and, on average, self-concept does not improve during the brief period of early orthodontic treatment.
Adolescent↗
Cephalometric measures as indicators of facial attractiveness.
Orthodontic treatment is frequently undertaken to improve facial appearance. However, the contribution of the components of malocclusion to perceptions of attractiveness is not clear. This study uses three panels of judges--undergraduates, dental students, and orthodontic residents--to quantify the associations between common objective measures of dental and skeletal anteroposterior disproportion and subjective perceptions of facial attractiveness. Consistent and similar correlations between anteroposterior measures and facial attractiveness rankings are shown for all three panels, with overjet being most strongly associated with rankings of attractiveness.
Adolescent↗
Management of sudden profuse bleeding from varicose veins.
Varicose vein bleeding of the lower extremities is an unusual but pressing indication for treatment and can be lethal. This series reviews operative and injection treatment of such veins in patients with bleeding. During a 49-month period 14 patients (eight men and six women) with a mean age of 62.1 years (range, 23 to 93 years) were seen after venous bleeding related to varicosities of the lower extremity. They described between one and five episodes of bleeding (mean, 2.4), but only one patient required transfusion. The site of bleeding was the lower calf or foot in 11 and affected the thigh in three patients. One was in the third trimester of pregnancy. Nine patients had lesions involving clustered small 1 mm or less diameter varicose veins, whereas five had large diffuse varicose vein formation. None had evidence of coagulopathy, and the inciting episode was either unknown or related to minor trauma. Treatment of eight patients with small-diameter veins was instituted with 0.2% sodium tetradecyl injection with a 30-gauge needle, thrombosing veins within 5 cm of the bleeding focus. A total of 13 ml solution (1.0 to 27 ml) per patient was used during two or three treatment periods (mean, 2.5 treatment periods) spaced 2 weeks apart. Six patients were treated by means of standard vein-stripping techniques or local branch removal at the bleeding site. Effective thrombosis was achieved in all eight patients with small (less than 1 mm) varicose veins treated with sclerosis. In five patients who underwent surgery there was effective resolution of the hemorrhage. One patient with small-diameter varicose veins clustered about the ankle underwent operative treatment and had venous stasis ulceration requiring compression dressings for healing. In all 14 cases control of bleeding was obtained, with follow-up to 49 months (mean, 21.3 months); one had rebleeding from a site 32 cm remote from the original injected area 11 months after treatment. Bleeding from small-diameter varicose veins of the lower extremity can be controlled effectively by sclerosing techniques with sodium tetradecyl. Larger veins are managed with operative removal. Combining these techniques provides efficient management of often-elderly patients, many in an outpatient setting.
Adult↗
Rating of facial attractiveness.
Epidemiologic investigations of orthodontic treatment should include both objective clinical measures and elements of perceptual assessment in the definition of malocclusion and skeletal disproportion. The effect of dental training and the view of the face presented as a stimulus on judgments of facial attractiveness were evaluated using a method recommended by Howells & Shaw (1) for epidemiologic surveys. Three views (two full face and one profile) of 18 orthodontic patients were presented as stimuli to three panels of judges with different levels of dental training (16 orthodontic residents, 17 dental students, and 71 undergraduate students). Ratings for facial attractiveness were obtained using a visual analog scale. The visual analog scores given the series of 54 slides by each judge were then ranked to create a "location-free" outcome measure. Both the ratings and the rankings of these ratings differed significantly among the three views for 80% of the patients. However, no view was consistently rated or ranked as most attractive across all patients. The ordering of the views from least to most attractive for a given patient appears to be highly dependent on the patient being presented as stimulus. Future studies should consider showing multiple views of a subject simultaneously if the intent is to obtain an overall treatment need score that incorporates assessment of facial attractiveness. The patients were consistently rated as more attractive by the orthodontic residents than by either dental or undergraduate students. When the ranks were analyzed, there were significant differences between the panels but the consistent pattern of differences between the panels disappeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Stability after surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion. I. Mandibular setback.
Postsurgical stability of mandibular setback to correct mandibular prognathism was compared for three approaches: transoral vertical ramus osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with wire osteosynthesis and maxillomandibular fixation, and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid internal fixation via bone screws. In the transoral vertical ramus osteotomy group, the mean postsurgical change in chin position was almost zero, but nearly 50% of the patients did have clinically significant changes in chin position; two thirds of these movements were posterior and one third anterior. In the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy groups, the chin either stayed in its immediately postsurgical position or moved anteriorly. In one fourth of the patients who received maxillomandibular fixation and in nearly half of the patients who received rigid internal fixation, the chin moved forward more than 4 mm.
Adult↗
Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment?
Clinical examination records of more than 1000 patients evaluated in the Dentofacial Clinic at the University of North Carolina were reviewed to determine whether patients with certain characteristics were more likely to seek and to receive surgical treatment. Facial asymmetry was found in 25% of the patients. Women were twice as likely as men to seek evaluation and were more likely to receive surgical treatment once evaluated. Individuals with a long face or skeletal Class III problem appeared more likely to seek evaluation than did those with mandibular deficiency and normal or short facial height, but the decision to accept or reject a recommendation for surgery did not seem to be related to morphologic characteristics.
Adolescent↗
Playing it safe. Three. Making a sensible choice.
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Accident Prevention↗