[Retrospective study of glucide tolerance in a selected male population].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C Daumerie
Publications and source records attributed to C Daumerie.
Neurogenesis in reptilian cortical structures: 3H-thymidine autoradiographic analysis.
Histogenesis was studied in forebrain cortical areas of two reptiles, Emys orbicularis and Lacerta trilineata, by using tritiated thymidine autoradiography. Four areas were considered: the dorsomedial, the general (dorsal), and the lateral cortices, and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR). The bulk of neurogenesis in these four pallial fields proceeds within a short period of 8-9 days, between developmental stages 15 and 18 in Emys and stages 32-34 in Lacerta. Lateral-to-medial as well as anterior-to-posterior tangential gradients of histogenesis are present in both species. Radial neurogenetic gradients are directed from outside to inside, except in the medial cortex of lizards, where no radial gradient is seen. This pattern of histogenesis in the cortex of turtles and lizards is comparable to that in mammals in terms of timing and tangential, areal variations. It might represent a "common denominator" of cortical histogenesis. However, in contrast to the mammalian cortex, which develops according to an inside to outside, "inverted" pattern, radial neurogenesis in the cortex of turtles and lizards follows an outside-to-inside gradient. These observations suggest that the inside-out gradient of cortical neurogenesis has been acquired during evolution of the synapsid radiation from stem reptiles to mammals, and that it may be related to the development of radial cortical architectonics.
Animals↗
Intestinal absorption of sorbitol and effects of its acute administration on glucose homeostasis in normal rats.
Intestinal absorption of sorbitol was studied in a duodeno-jejunal loop of anaesthetized rats. The acute effects of exogenous sorbitol on glucose homeostasis were also evaluated in male and female rats. In the presence of lumen concentrations of sorbitol ranging from 1 microM to 200 mM, a fairly constant low percentage (about 12%) of the loop's contents was absorbed after 30 min. This amount increased only slightly with time, but this was not due to sorbitol accumulation in the mucosal layer of the loop. 3-O-methylglucose was absorbed much more quickly than sorbitol, but did not interfere with sorbitol absorption. The latter was not impaired by omission of lumen sodium ions nor by phloridzin, both of which inhibited 3-O-methylglucose absorption. Gastric administration of sorbitol did not affect plasma glucose or insulin levels. Glucose or sucrose administration caused a similar rise in plasma glucose, but the increase in plasma insulin levels was larger after glucose than after sucrose administration. Intravenous administration of sorbitol slightly increased plasma glucose and insulin levels. These changes were, however, considerably smaller than those occurring after glucose administration. In the normal rat, intestinal absorption of sorbitol is passive and proceeds at a low rate. Acute oral administration of sorbitol does not affect glucose homeostasis, which is only slightly disturbed by a large intravenous load of sorbitol.
3-O-Methylglucose↗
Somatostatin and the intestinal transport of glucose and other nutrients in the anaesthetised rat.
The effects of somatostatin on oral glucose tolerance and on intestinal absorption of glucose and other nutrients have been studied in anaesthetised rats. Intravenous somatostatin (0.1-0.6 nmol/min) increased the rate of gastric emptying. After intraduodenal administration of glucose, the rise in peripheral plasma levels of the sugar was delayed, but finally exaggerated by somatostatin, which inhibited the insulin response. Absorption was evaluated by measuring the disappearance of radioactive nutrients from the lumen of a 'tied duodenojejunal loop'. At a luminal concentration of 4 mmol/l of 3-0-methylglucose, neither disappearance of the sugar from the lumen nor its appearance in plasma was affected by somatostatin. Passive transport of 3-0-methylglucose (100 mmol/l) was not significantly modified by somatostatin, although the appearance of the labelled tracer in plasma was delayed. Somatostatin had no significant effect on absorption of galactose (4 mmol/l), sucrose (40 mmol/l), leucine (4 mmol/l) or palmitate (0.1 and 0.4 mmol/l). These results show that somatostatin delays appearance of ingested sugars in peripheral plasma without direct effect on the absorption sites; this delay may result from changes in intestinal motility, enzyme secretion and splanchnic blood flow.
3-O-Methylglucose↗
Acute effects of guar gum on glucose tolerance and intestinal absorption of nutrients in rats.
The mechanism by which non-digestible fibres improve oral glucose tolerance is still unclear. We have studied the effects of guar gum on oral carbohydrate tolerance and intestinal absorption of nutrients in anaesthetized rats. Addition of guar to an intragastric glucose load (1 g/kg) markedly delayed the rise in plasma glucose levels when the concentration of the gum was adequate (10 mg/ml). The insulin response was somewhat less marked, but the differences were not significant. When glucose was introduced directly into the duodenum, the gum only slightly reduced the rise in glucose levels, during the first 15 min. If sucrose (1 g/kg) was infused in the duodenum, acarboseR, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, but not guar, slowed the rise in plasma glucose and insulin levels. Intestinal absorption was measured in a tied duodenojejunal loop. Guar decreased active transport of glucose (4 mmol/l) by approximately 20%, but had no significant effect on the passive transport of glucose (100 mmol/l), nor on the absorption of sucrose (40 mmol/l) or leucine (4 mmol/l). At the concentration which improved glucose tolerance (10 mg/ml), but not at lower concentrations, guar gum markedly slowed gastric emptying. These results suggest that guar gum improves tolerance to oral carbohydrates mainly by decreasing the rate of gastric emptying, but inhibition of intestinal absorption may also be involved in the presence of low concentrations of the sugars.
Animals↗
Predictive factors of thyroid carcinoma in non-toxic multinodular goitre.
The management of nontoxic multinodular goitre (NMNG) remains controversial. The challenge for the clinician is to identify the small proportion of NMNG patients with associated thyroid carcinoma who would thus benefit from surgery. We studied retrospectively the medical records of 80 patients with NMNG and coexisting thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy. Eighty total thyroidectomy patients with NMNG whose histology was benign were then randomnly chosen as controls. In univariate analysis, the following parameters were significantly more frequent in the carcinoma group: rapid growth of the goitre (p = 0.002), presence of microcalcifications (p = 0.01), hypoechogenicity (p = 0.02), firm consistency of a nodule (p = 0.03), and presence of a dominant cold nodule on scintigraphy (p = 0.03). In the multiple regression analysis, the variables significantly associated with carcinoma were rapid growth (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.13, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.72-9.89), hypo-echogenicity (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.13-8.51) and the presence of a dominant nodule (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.06-4.79)). In the cancer group, tumour size was positively correlated with compression signs (p = 0.01), age (p = 0.02), the presence of a dominant nodule on scintigraphy (p = 0.02), and with rapid growth (p = 0.04). Concerning nodule size estimated on US (ultrasound), the majority (65%) of patients without carcinoma had nodules < 3 cm, whereas 73% of patients with clinical thyroid carcinoma (> or = 1 cm on histology) had nodules with a diameter of > or = 3 cm on US (p = 0.02). In conclusion, our study suggests that surgical treatment of NMNG should be proposed in the presence of rapid nodular growth, compression signs, dominant nodule on scintigraphy, nodule size > or 3 cm and hypo-echogenicity.
Adult↗
Is the black thyroid really an innocuous pathological finding?
We report the case of a 24-year-old euthyroid woman in whom the discovery of a cold nodule in the left thyroid lobe led to a thyroidectomy. The surgical specimen was characterized by a diffuse black discoloration. Optical examination revealed brown granules within the apical portion of the follicular cells whereas ultrastructural studies showed intralysosomal lipofuscin-like deposits, all findings consistent with pathological descriptions reported in black thyroids associated with the intake of minocycline. Retrospectively, we were told that the patient had received this antibiotic for at least three years for the treatment of acne vulgaris. As experimental models have demonstrated potential antithyroid effects of the drug, it appears relevant to monitor thyroid tests in patients receiving long-term minocycline therapy.
Acne Vulgaris↗
[Comparative value of anorectal manometry and electrocardiography in the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy].
Searching for silent anorectal autonomic neuropathy, we investigated the anorectal sensorimotor function in 79 continent diabetics. Thirty four per cent of the patients had a basal anal sphincter pressure lower than 40 mm Hg N = 54.5 +/- 15.5 mm Hg and 11 p. 100 had a threshold of conscious rectal sensation higher than 20 ml (N less than or equal to 20 ml). An electrocardiogram was performed and the change in heart rate resulting from successive deep breaths was recorded for each patient. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed when cardiac frequency did not change with ventilation. This was reflected by a ratio E/I (largest RR space during expiration on the electrocardiogram to the shortest during inspiration) close to one. Compared to cardiac criteria for autonomic neuropathy, the sensitivity of anorectal manometry in the detection of diabetic autonomic neuropathy was 77.2 p. 100 and specificity was 82 p. 100. Low basal anal sphincter pressure in asymptomatic diabetics seems to be a sensitive and specific criteria for the assessment of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and correlates closely with cardiac criteria.
Adult↗