PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Dive

Publications and source records attributed to C Dive.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Changes in serum and intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity after proximal enterectomy in rats. Correlation of DAO activity with mucosal mass parameters.

To determine whether serum and mucosal DAO activity reflects quantitative changes in the small bowel mucosal mass, we have chosen an experimental model of mucosal hyperplasia which is known to occur in the rat after enterectomy. A 50% proximal enterectomy or a single transection was performed in 20 growing rats weighing 145-160 g. Ten days following surgery, we determined mucosal mass parameters (weight, protein, and DNA content), sucrase activity, and DAO activity in the duodenum (segment A), proximal ileum (segment B), and distal ileum (segment C) of the remaining small intestine. Mucosal hyperplasia was demonstrated by the finding that in each segment, mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content per centimeter of gut length were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher (+38 to + 78%) in the resected group than in transected controls. In segments B and C of resected rats, the changes in DAO activity expressed per gram of mucosa paralleled the changes in mucosal mass, the activity being increased by +69% and +49% (P less than 0.05) compared to the values recorded in transected controls. Expressed per centimeter of gut length, total DAO activity was also enhanced by +141% in segment B (P less than 0.05 vs controls) and by +87% in segment C (P less than 0.01 vs controls) of resected rats. In the duodenum, the changes in DAO activity were small (+36%) and not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1989

Colonic angiodysplasia. Follow-up of patients after endoscopic treatment for bleeding lesions.

Endoscopic electrocoagulation or photocoagulation is now the method of choice for treating colonic angiodysplasia. Follow-up of such patients has not been extensive. The authors report 26 patients with typical and symptomatic lesions who have been treated endoscopically. Follow-up (mean duration, 29.3 months) revealed that 21 patients remained symptom-free after a single procedure. Two patients needed a second procedure before being considered cured. In two others, the need for transfusions was lessened considerably after treatment. The last patient died of terminal cardiac failure. No complications occurred during treatment. Endoscopic treatment is a safe and efficient method for treating bleeding colonic angiodysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Primary sclerosing cholangitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case report.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were each separately described in association with a variety of chronic idiopathic inflammatory diseases such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, Sicca complex or Riedel's thyroiditis. We report a case which may be the first description of the association between PSC and IPF. The physiopathogenic implications of such an association are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Hyperamylasemia with papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

High levels of serum amylase and CA19.9 were noted in a patient with papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Electrophoresis identified isoamylases of salivary type. Both markers decreased rapidly after removal of the ovarian tumour. These considerations argue in favor of the early detection of amylase isoenzymes in patients in whom history, objective signs, and routine diagnostic studies fail to disclose a pancreatic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of intracellular esterases by antitumour chloroethylnitrosoureas. Measurement by flow cytometry and correlation with molecular carbamoylation activity.

Antitumour chloroethylnitrosoureas (Cnus) decompose in physiological conditions yielding alkylating species and organic isocyanates. While antitumour activity is mainly attributed to the alkylation of DNA, carbamoylation of intracellular proteins by isocyanates may also have pharmacological and toxicological relevance. We previously reported a novel dynamic flow cytoenzymological assay for esterase inhibition in intact murine cells by BCNU and related isocyanates, and proposed that this might form the basis of an assay for intracellular carbamoylation. We have now examined a wide range of Cnus, isocyanates, and alkylating agents for their ability to inhibit cellular esterases. BCNU, CCNU, their derived isocyanates, and the 4-OH metabolites of CCNU exhibited potent inhibitory activity (I50 values 5.5 x 10(-5)-7.3 x 10(-4) M). Chlorozotocin and GANU were relatively inactive (I50 much greater than 10(-2) M). ACNU, TCNU and the 2-OH metabolites of CCNU exhibited intermediate activity (I50 values 1.1 x 10(-3)-2.3 x 10(-2) M). Compounds not able to form isocyanates were essentially inactive. Poor membrane permeability was also implicated in the weak activity of chlorozotocin and GANU. There was overall a good correlation between esterase inhibition and chemical carbamoylating activity, but some particular differences were identified. We concluded that flow cytoenzymological assay appears to have the potential to provide useful measurement of intracellular protein carbamoylation by existing Cnus and novel derivatives, and also offers the advantage of cell subpopulation identification for in vivo evaluation of these agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Massive plasma cell infiltration of the digestive tract. Secretory component as the rate-limiting factor of immunoglobulin secretion in external fluids.

A 29-yr-old Tunisian man had a clinical immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, different from alpha-chain disease. Serum contained 52.5 mg/ml of polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA). Immunohistochemistry revealed a massive diffuse polyclonal IgA (99%)-plasma cell infiltration in the small bowel mucosa, with a smaller increase of IgA-producing cells in gastric and colonic mucosae. Secretory IgA levels were normal in jejunal and bronchoalveolar secretions. However, both fluids contained polymeric IgA devoid of secretory component, and free secretory component was absent. This suggests that secretory component was the limiting factor in transport of IgA in the secretions. A relative deficiency in secretory component, as compared with the huge supply of polymeric IgA, may have limited the secretory component-mediated active transport of IgA into secretions. This resulted in the appearance of high levels of polymeric IgA, unlinked to secretory component, both in serum and in the jejunal and bronchoalveolar fluids.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Polar fluorescein derivatives as improved substrate probes for flow cytoenzymological assay of cellular esterases.

Fluorescein esters are employed in assays of cell viability, membrane permeability and esterase activity. The ester most widely used, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), has the disadvantage of rapid cellular efflux of its hydrolysis product fluorescein. This is particularly problematic for flow cytoenzymology (FCE), where fluorescence is measured in individual cells allowing identification of subpopulations differing in esterase activity and/or membrane characteristics. We present a comparison of FDA with two potentially improved substrate probes for FCE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and bis(carboxyethyl)-carboxyfluorescein-tetra acetoxy methyl ester (BCECF-AM). Substrates were characterized in terms of reaction and product efflux kinetics in EMT6 mouse mammary tumour cells, together with inhibition kinetics for the carbamoylating agent BCNU. Intact viable cells were analysed by FCE and spectrofluorimetry, and the latter was also used for cell sonicates and purified esterase. CFDA and BCECF-AM enter cells and are hydrolysed more slowly than FDA. CFDA and FDA hydrolyses obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of around 19 and 2 microM, respectively, whereas BCECF-AM hydrolysis deviates from this classical behaviour. BCNU (5 X 10(-4) M) inhibits FDA and BCECF-AM hydrolyses by approximately 50%, compared to 30% for CFDA. CFDA may be partly hydrolysed by membrane-bound esterases. Efflux half-lives were 16 min, 94 min and greater than 2 h for products of FDA, CFDA and BCECF-AM, respectively. We conclude that BCECF-AM is the optimal substrate probe for FCE. This study emphasizes the need to optimize various parameters when selecting a substrate for flow cytoenzymological assay or when loading other reporter fluorochromes into cells via lipophilic esters.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intestinal development in the suckling rat: effect of insulin on the maturation of villus and crypt cell functions.

The influence of insulin on the postnatal development of intestinal functions linked to villus cells (sucrase, lactase, maltase and aminopeptidase) and crypt cells (secretory component of immunoglobulins, SC) has been studied in suckling and weanling rats. At 9 days of age, the animals received a daily injection of insulin 12.5 mU g-1 body weight day-1 for 4 days. Compared with saline-treated controls, insulin had no effect on the development of the intestinal mucosal mass parameters determined in the jejunum, ileum and colon. A premature appearance of sucrase was noted in isolated jejunal villus and crypt cells, the level of activity reached by the enzyme being dependent of the amount of insulin injected. By 6 and 12 h after a single injection of the hormone (12.5 mU g-1 body weight), sucrase activity was detected in all the cell fractions along the villus-crypt axis. In villus cells of insulin-treated rats, maltase, lactase and aminopeptidase activities were significantly (P less than 0.001) increased (+201%, +50%, +207%, respectively, vs. controls), whereas the concentration of SC measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay was enhanced over the controls by 75% in villus cells, 83% in crypt cells and 172% in the liver. Weanling rats treated from day 10 to day 20 postpartum with 12.5 mU insulin also exhibited a higher intestinal production of SC (+93%, P less than 0.01) than did saline controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1988

Prolonged cholestasis and disappearance of interlobular bile ducts following chlorpropamide and erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Case of drug interaction?

A 52-year-old man, having been treated for 4 months with chlorpropamide for diabetes mellitus type II, developed severe cholestatic hepatitis following a short course of erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Despite prompt withdrawal of both drugs, the cholestatic picture worsened and was associated with morphological evidence of disappearing interlobular bile ducts. After a 2-year course of profound cholestasis complicated by steatorrhea and striking hyperlipidemia, the patient died of ischemic cardiomyopathy. It is believed that this is the first published case of irreversible cholestasis with disappearance of ducts potentially related to a metabolic interaction between erythromycin ethylsuccinate and chlorpropamide.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1988

IgA immune response patterns to gliadin in serum.

The incidence, titer and molecular size of anti-gliadin (GL) IgA were analyzed in sera from children with celiac disease (CD, n = 66), hospitalized control children (n = 64) and children with other malabsorption disorders (n = 103). Anti-GL IgA was assessed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and its molecular size was analyzed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The median anti-GL IgA titer was significantly higher in untreated CD than in the other groups, with some overlap. Whereas 57% of anti-GL IgA were polymeric IgA (pIgA) in acute CD, only 17% were pIgA in children with other malabsorption disorders. These anti-GL pIgA consisted mainly of dimers with in some children, a low proportion of anti-GL secretory IgA (SIgA). A large proportion of anti-GL pIgA was associated with high total serum IgA. After the onset of a gluten-free diet (GFD), anti-GL pIgA disappeared more quickly from serum than mIgA. During the gluten challenge test, anti-GL IgA comprised 20% pIgA when they reappeared in serum, but 59% pIgA at the end of the test. The presence of anti-GL pIgA in serum seems related to chronic exposure to gluten of CD patients with a flat intestinal mucosa. These serum pIgA antibodies could result from a spillover from the intestinal mucosal synthesis into the circulation.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1988

Hypoceruloplasminemia and ultrastructural changes resembling Wilson's disease in nonalcoholic liver steatosis. A clinical and pathological study of five cases.

We report five cases of asymptomatic patients with persistently abnormal liver function tests in whom copper metabolism abnormalities resulted in a misleading suspicion of Wilson's disease. Ceruloplasmin levels assessed by nephelometric immunoassay, single radial immunodiffusion and the enzymatic method averaged 53.8, 61 and 52.8% of the mean value obtained in age- and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urinary copper excretion was higher than the normal range in three instances. Four patients exhibited hypertriglyceridemia. Liver histology showed fatty change with or without sinusoidal fibrosis. Electron microscopic examination unexpectedly disclosed mitochondrial and lysosomal changes identical to those described in Wilson's disease. The present observations indicate that biochemical and ultrastructural changes suggestive for Wilson's disease may be observed in the absence of increased liver copper content. Whether such cases represent isolated cases of heterozygosity for the Wilson's disease gene remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Abnormal methylation capacity in human liver cirrhosis.

To investigate the influence of liver cirrhosis on the capacity of methylation, the urinary excretion of the methylated forms of arsenic was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry after the administration of a small dose of inorganic arsenic. The study was carried out in 13 normal controls, 18 patients with various clinical conditions, but without evidence of parenchymal liver disease, and 38 with cirrhosis of varied aetiology and severity. In normal controls, the percentage of arsenic excreted as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) averaged 12.3 +/- 2.8% and 23.3 +/- 6.4%, respectively, and was not significantly different from that obtained in disease controls. The presence of liver cirrhosis did not affect the percentage of the injected dose excreted within 24 h. However, cirrhotic patients excreted significantly less MMA (4.7 +/- 3.3, p less than 0.001) and more DMA (40.4 +/- 16.6%, p less than 0.001). The amount of MMA correlated with the 14C aminopyrine breath test (r = 0.43) and was invariably lower than the normal range in patients with severe liver disease. These findings indicate that liver cirrhosis is associated with profound abnormalities of the methylation pathway, which might have potential consequences in the metabolism of endogenous amines and xenobiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Novel dynamic flow cytoenzymological determination of intracellular esterase inhibition by BCNU and related isocyanates.

We present a novel dynamic flow cytoenzymological demonstration of the potent inhibition by the antitumour chloroethylnitrosourea BCNU of the intracellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate by esterases of viable, intact murine and human tumour cells in vitro. The BCNU metabonate chloroethyl isocyanate and the related compound n-butyl isocyanate were also potent inhibitors. I50 values were in the range 4.2 X 10(-5)-2.0 X 10(-4) M. Generally similar quantitative results were obtained for intact cells and sonicates by conventional spectrofluorimetry, and inhibition of purified porcine liver carboxyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) was demonstrated. Little or no inhibitory activity was seen with the alkylating agents methyl methane-sulphonate, melphalan and nitrogen mustard. The results are consistent with carbamoylation of the esterase molecules by isocyanates, and this may provide a basis for the flow cytometric determination of intracellular carbamoylation in discrete subpopulations of heterogeneous samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Improved methodology for intracellular enzyme reaction and inhibition kinetics by flow cytometry.

Flow cytoenzymology is the determination of enzyme activities or concentrations in single intact cells. Using the flow cytometer built and designed in our laboratory and recent modifications to hardware and software, we have developed an improved dynamic flow cytoenzymological procedure for the assay of cellular enzyme kinetics. The reaction mixture is sampled continuously, and the computer clock incorporates time as a parameter for kinetic determinations. Conditions for cellular esterase analysis were optimized and the rates of hydrolysis of two fluorogenic substrates, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 4-methylumbelliferone acetate (MUA), by esterases in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells were studied. Reaction kinetics were characterized, and Km values of 19 and 72 microM were obtained for the hydrolysis of FDA and MUA respectively. The kinetics of the cellular efflux of fluorescein were investigated, and a half-life of 7.5 min obtained. Enzyme inhibition kinetics were investigated using the competitive substrates p-nitrophenyl acetate and phenyl acetate, and the carbamoylating agents physostigmine and n-butyl isocyanate. The latter was particularly potent with an I50 of 4.8 X 10(-5) M for FDA hydrolysis compared with 6.5 X 10(-3) M for physostigmine. The I50 of 8.8 X 10(-5) M for n-butyl isocyanate inhibition of MUA hydrolysis was similar to that obtained with FDA as substrate. By monitoring FDA and MUA reactions separately and simultaneously, we showed them to act as competitive substrates. A comparison of flow cytoenzymological and conventional spectrofluorimetric analysis was also made, and differences identified in some cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic ascaridiasis.

Adult Ascaris, which are usually found in the intestine, can enter the ampulla of Vater if the sphincter of Oddi is not efficient. This situation seems common in children; in adults it occurs after endoscopic or surgical sphincterotomy. The worms can then migrate up into the intrahepatic bile ducts and provoke biliary stasis which may become infected and complicated by abscesses. It is inside such abscesses that we may find fragments of adult Ascaris. In the 4 cases reported in the literature during the last 20 years, we note in particular that the clinical signs vary considerably, according to the age of the patient. In children, the parasitic infestation is often massive and the clinical features are extremely serious, namely shock and acute abdominal pain, which lead to a laparotomy being done. In adults, the clinical feature is that of a biliary infection. Here we describe a fifth case of hepatic ascaridiasis which differs from the others in that the diagnosis was established by ERCP and CT scan and that treatment was medical.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cellular adaptation of the rat small intestine after proximal enterectomy: changes in microvillous enzymes and in the secretory component of immunoglobulins.

To investigate the adaptation of functions expressed by the villous and crypt cell of the intestinal mucosa after intestinal resection, a 50% proximal enterectomy or a single transection was performed in 16 growing rats weighing 175-200 g. Ten days following the enterectomy, we determined the mucosal mass parameters (weight, protein, and DNA content), the activity of microvillous enzymes (lactase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase) in villus cells, and the concentration of the secretory component of immunoglobulins in crypt cells isolated from the proximal intestinal remnant. Mucosal hyperplasia was attested by the finding that mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content per cm of intestinal length were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher (+29 to +48%) in the resected group than in transected controls. The specific activity of lactase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower (-23 to -56%) in villous cells isolated from the intestinal remnant of resected rats compared to controls. Sucrase activity was depressed in each cell fraction of the entire villous-crypt unit resulting in a lower villous to crypt gradient of enzyme activity. Km for the enzyme determined in villous cells was similar in both groups but the Vmax was reduced proportionally to the enzyme activity in the resected group indicating less enzyme per cell. By contrast, the concentration of secretory component measured by an immunoradiometric assay in both villous and crypt cells was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased (+37 to 45%) following proximal enterectomy. Our data indicate that the response of the epithelial cell to intestinal resection varies according to the metabolic function and that the mechanism of adaptation at the cellular level is complex.

Adaptation, Biological↗