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Biomedical subjects

C Drake

Publications and source records attributed to C Drake.

79 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Some epidemiologic evidence on the etiology of caries.

While laboratory research has identified multiple causal factors in dental caries, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted on large representative populations that have utilized enough variables to test the current models of causation. Data from a large, representative study were available to the authors for secondary analysis. The epidemiology of dental caries as presented in the study indicates that the caries patterns in a free-living population were consistent with an infectious and nutrition model of causality. The genetic explanation, while represented in the data, was not as consistent with the findings as the infectious and nutritional explanations.

DMF Index↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arabinogalactan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide: effect of particle size in liver MRI.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of particle size on MR contrast-enhancing properties of arabinogalactan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (AG-SPIO) in tumor-bearing rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo MR studies were performed on rats with surgically implanted liver tumors before and after AG-SPIO administration. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and percent contrast enhancement (PCE) were calculated for animals given small (15.7 +/- 9.5 nm: n = 6), medium (49.1 +/- 19.7 nm; n = 4), and large (86.9 +/- 27.5 nm; n = 4) particles intravenously (10 mumol Fe/kg). RESULTS: Postcontrast CNRs were 15.8 +/- 6.9, 8.9 +/- 4.1, and 10.0 +/- 1.8 for small, medium, and large particle groups, respectively. The PCE was -60.0 +/- 3.3, -75.5 +/- 7.9, and -80.5 +/- 1.2%. There was a significant difference in preversus postcontrast CNR for all particle sizes (p < 0.001) and in PCE for small particles as compared with the two larger sizes (p < 0.001). There was no between-group statistical difference in postcontrast CNR for any particle size. CONCLUSION: Larger AG-SPIO particles slightly improve liver contrast enhancement, but have no significant effect on hepatic lesion detection as assessed by CNR.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-resolution parathyroid sonography.

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of parathyroid ultrasonography to differentiate causes of hypercalcemia in dogs. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative ultrasound imaging findings and clinical pathology data from 33 dogs that underwent parathyroid ultrasound examination as part of the diagnostic evaluation for hypercalcemia. Diagnoses of the diseases causing hypercalcemia included parathyroid carcinoma (n = 5), parathyroid adenoma (n = 15), parathyroid adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 6), chronic renal insufficiency (n = 3), and hypercalcemia of malignancy (n = 4). All parathyroid lesions were round or oval and hypoechoic compared with surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Adenomatous and adenocarcinomatous glands were 4 mm or larger in longest linear measurement on US examination and were statistically significantly larger than hyperplastic glands. (p < 0.001) Linear measurements of parathyroid glands acquired at the time of ultrasound examination correlated well with direct size determination after surgical excision. (r2 = 0.9, p < 0.0001) Parathyroid lesions > or = 4 mm are highly suspicious for parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, while US lesions < 4 mm most likely represent primary adenomatous hyperplasia or secondary parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid size estimation from ultrasound examination is an accurate predictor of true size.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High- versus low-top shoes for the prevention of ankle sprains in basketball players. A prospective randomized study.

Using a prospective, randomized experimental design, 622 college intramural basketball players were stratified by a previous history of ankle sprains to wear a new pair of either high-top, high-top with inflatable air chambers, or low-top basketball shoes during all games for a complete season. Subjects were asked to complete a history questionnaire and were given a complete ankle examination. They were allowed to wear these shoes only during basketball competition. Followed over the course of a 2-month intramural season, 15 ankle injuries occurred during 39,302 minutes of player-time: 7 in high-top shoes, 4 in low-top shoes, and 4 in high-top shoes with inflatable air chambers. The injury rates (injuries per player-minute) were 4.80 x 10(-4) in high-top shoes, 4.06 x 10(-4) in low-top shoes, and 2.69 x 10(-4) in high-top shoes with inflatable air chambers. There was no significant difference among these 3 groups, leading to the conclusion that there is no strong relationship between shoe type and ankle sprains.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant unclippable aneurysms: treatment with detachable balloons.

Nine cases of giant unclippable aneurysms treated with the detachable balloon technique are reported. Adjunctive surgical bypass procedures and arterial ligation were also carried out in four and one cases, respectively. All the patients tolerated occlusion of the carotid artery (eight cases) or of both vertebral arteries (one case). Three patients developed neurologic complications: two transient and one permanent (blindness in one eye). The complications occurred when attempts were made to occlude the aneurysm lumen only to preserve the carotid blood flow. Permanent occlusion of the carotid artery appears safer than aneurysm obliteration. Surgical procedures are necessary if the patient does not tolerate permanent occlusion of the artery or if occlusion of the artery is insufficient to obtain thrombosis of the aneurysm.

Adolescent↗