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Biomedical subjects

C Durand

Publications and source records attributed to C Durand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Neonatal splenic injury: a difficult diagnosis].

Neonatal splenic injury is a rare but serious condition, due to the risk of haemorrhagic shock. We report on the case of a newborn infant with a neonatal respiratory distress that first evoked materno-fetal infection. Clinical deterioration, with anemia and abdominal distension, led then to the proper diagnosis. Dystocia seems to be the most likely cause of the splenic rupture in this report. Medical treatment is advocated as first line, while surgical treatment may be necessary in some cases. In the case surgery is inevitable, a conservative approach is preferable.

Dystocia↗
PubMed2006

[Pseudo-"isolated" intestinal perforation in a very low birth weight infant: exceptional presentation of Hirschsprung's disease].

Intestinal perforations in preterm newborn are characterized with high morbidity and mortality rates. They often are associated with necrotizing enterocolitis and seldom correspond to idiopathic spontaneous intestinal perforation. Perforations upstream of an intestinal organic obstruction (atresia), or of a functionnal obstruction (meconium-ileus, Hirschsprung disease) have been considered to be rare in preterm newborns. We report a case of caecal perforation with a pneumoperitoneum which occurred at 5 days of life, in a 28-week gestational age infant, that was treated by cecostomy. There were no signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. At 43 days of life, the preoperative contrast enema study revealed a left colon transition zone, suggesting a Hirschsprung disease, which was confirmed by rectal biopsies. Transanal pull-through was performed. There were no postoperative complication. This case demonstrates that an isolated intestinal perforation in very preterm newborn can reveal a Hirschsprung disease, especially if it occurs in the caecum.

Cecum↗
PubMed2006

Fetal lung volume in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

In a retrospective study of 22 neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, fetal lung volume (FLV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging was associated with survival; the best FLV ratio cut-off to predict mortality was 30% of expected FLV. This study supports a correlation between FLV and the chances of survival.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2005

Prenatal prognosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia using magnetic resonance imaging measurement of fetal lung volume.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between fetal lung volume (FLV), measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postnatal mortality in newborns with prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: In a 4-year prospective multicenter study, 77 fetuses with isolated CDH diagnosed between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation underwent fast spin-echo T2-weighted lung MRI. These MRI-FLV measurements were compared with a previously published normative curve obtained in 215 fetuses without thoracoabdominal malformations and with normal ultrasound biometric findings. FLV measurements were correlated with postnatal survival. The mean gestational age at MRI was 31.3 weeks. RESULTS: The measured/expected FLV ratio was significantly lower in the newborns with CDH who died compared with those who survived (23.6 +/- 12.2 vs. 36.1 +/- 13.0, P < 0.001). When the ratio was below 25%, there was a significant decrease in postnatal survival (19% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.008). Survival was significantly lower for neonates when one lung could not be seen by fetal MRI compared with those fetuses with two visible lungs on MRI (17.9% vs. 62.1%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In isolated CDH, FLV measurement by MRI is a good predictor of postnatal mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia.

Female↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of levofloxacin susceptibility against strains isolated from lower urinary tract infections in the community].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of levofloxacin (LVX) in comparison to nalidixic acid (NAL), ofloxacin (OFX), norfloxacin (NOR), amoxicillin (AMX), cefixime (CFM), cotrimoxazole (SXT) and nitrofurantoin (FT), against 402 strains recently isolated from urine specimens in outpatient women suffering from lower urinary tract infections for which short-term treatment was not indicated. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton medium (Bio-Rad) according to the recommendations of the Comite de l'Antibiogramme de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie (CA-SFM). Strains were classified as susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R) according to the CA-SFM recommended breakpoints. Quality control was carried out using three reference strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For E. coli, the most prevalent species (345 isolates: 85.3%), susceptibilities were as follows: AMX: 60.6%, CFM: 99.1%, NAL: 94.8%, NOR: 97.4%, OFX: 97.4%, LVX: 97.4%, SXT: 84.5%, FT: 98%. This study confirms the good in vitro activity of LVX, OFX, and CFM against strains isolated from urinary tract infections in the community and particularly against E. coli, which is by far the most prevalent pathogen, 90% of strains, with more than 97% of strains being susceptible.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed2005

[Metallocenes and malaria: a new therapeutic approach].

Rapid development of significant resistance to antimalarial drugs has been a major force driving research to identify and develop new compounds. The use of synthetic organometallic complexes seems to be promising for treatment of malaria infections. Recent progress in identification and development of new drugs promises to lead to a much greater range of antimalarial agents. Organometallic complexes and metalloporphyrins have shown in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Ferroquine (ferrocenyl chloroquine) is more active than chloroquine against strains and isolates of P. falciparum and shows efficacy against murine parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Emergency pediatric thoracic radiology].

Pediatric thoracic emergencies are frequent and may be due to a large spectrum of lesions including traumatic and non traumatic pathologies, such as foreign bodies, mediastinal tumors, pulmonary infections, asthma, pneumothorax and delayed manifestations of congenital chest malformations. Emergencies require rapid diagnosis to make a treatment plan and in most cases, radiology plays an essential role. Plain chest radiographs remain the initial study with inspiratory films. In certain circumstances, the use of expiratory films is absolutely necessary. Ultrasonogragraphy is the primary modality for evaluation of pleural effusions. Computed tomography (CT), with volume acquisition and more rapid scanning, is a technique capable of imaging the lungs and mediastinum with excellent spatial resolution in the pediatric population. CT provides more information than chest radiographs. This explains the increasing indications of CT in the evaluation of pediatric thoracic emergencies, more particularly traumatic emergencies.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Surgical aspects of intussusception due to lymphoma in children].

BACKGROUND: Intussusception due to lymphoma is a challenging condition for pediatric surgeons. The aim of this study is to report seven cases of this entity and to discuss its management. CASE REPORT: Six boys and one girl, 3-15-years-old, were admitted for intussusception secondary to a lymphoma. All patients underwent laparotomy: biopsy of massive abdominal tumor 6 and 8 weeks following resection of an intussusception (two cases), ileal resection of non-reductible intussusception (one case), right hemicolectomy for tumor of the appendix (one case), tumorectomy of localized ileal tumor (two cases), enlarged mesenteric lymph node biopsy associated with simple reduction of intussusception (one case). All children were successfully treated with protocol chemotherapy with a 15-month to 13-year follow-up. No relapse was observed. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should be aware of operative sights of ileal lymphomas. Diagnosis of lymphoma may be difficult after manual reduction of intussusception. A sample of any abnormality (mesenteric lymph node, peritoneal fluid) should be taken. Intestinal resection allows to reduce the intensity of chemotherapy but must be as limited as possible: ileal resection in cases of complicated intussusception, tumorectomy "in sano" in cases of ileal parietal isolated tumor. Reduction of intussusception alone (with no resection of ileal tumor) seems to be effective if diagnosis of lymphoma is possible from peripheral samples (peritoneal fluid, pleural effusion, mesenteric lymph node, bone marrow biopsy...).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of the organic matter of sludge: determination of lipids, hydrocarbons and PAHs from road retention/infiltration ponds in France.

This paper presents the results of the organic matter characterization of sludge from two ponds (retention and infiltration) located in France. Special focus was placed on studying hydrocarbons and PAHs. This investigation is part of a global project on road and urban sludge with the aim of identifying a better means for managing these materials. Gas chromatographic and GC/MS analyses indicate that the main component of the organic fraction stems from petroleum-derived products like diesel fuel and motor oil. This finding was confirmed by the presence of biomarkers from the hopane series, as well as by pyrolytic and alkylated PAHs. Results from this study clearly show that the contaminants are mainly generated from anthropogenic petroleum sources. Due to their levels of hydrocarbon contamination, these sludge deposits must be considered as waste and cannot therefore be disposed anywhere, especially within the current context of sustainable development.

Carbon↗
PubMed2004

Mobility of trace metals in retention pond sediments.

This paper presents the results of a study on trace metal mobility in the sediments of several road and urban infiltration/decantation ponds in France; the trace metal concentrations are indeed high. The potential mobility of trace metals (cadmium, nickel, chromium, copper, lead and zinc) was evaluated by application of the sequential extraction BCR protocol. Results have been compared with those from the IHSS protocol, which allows for the extraction of various forms of organic matter. Cadmium is the most easily exchangeable element in the case of variations in physical-chemical conditions (50% to 60% of Cd is exchangeable and 70% to 80% of Cd remains within the fulvic acid fraction) and is thus easily releasable within an acidic medium. Zinc is also potentially mobile and stays mainly concentrated in fulvic acids, except in the case of the Ronchin sediment (more than 50% in humin). In contrast, nickel and chromium are primarily present in the residual fraction and do not exhibit high mobility. Copper and lead are concentrated in both the humic acid fraction (IHSS protocol) and the organic phase (BCR scheme); consequently, their mobility is limited.

Cities↗
PubMed2004

Sequence family variant loss from the AZFc interval of the human Y chromosome, but not gene copy loss, is strongly associated with male infertility.

BACKGROUND: Complete deletion of the complete AZFc interval of the Y chromosome is the most common known genetic cause of human male infertility. Two partial AZFc deletions (gr/gr and b1/b3) that remove some copies of all AZFc genes have recently been identified in infertile and fertile populations, and an association study indicates that the resulting gene dose reduction represents a risk factor for spermatogenic failure. METHODS: To determine the incidence of various partial AZFc deletions and their effect on fertility, we combined quantitative and qualitative analyses of the AZFc interval at the DAZ and CDY1 loci in 300 infertile men and 399 control men. RESULTS: We detected 34 partial AZFc deletions (32 gr/gr deletions), arising from at least 19 independent deletion events, and found gr/gr deletion in 6% of infertile and 3.5% of control men (p>0.05). Our data provide evidence for two large AZFc inversion polymorphisms, and for relative hot and cold spots of unequal crossing over within the blocks of homology that mediate gr/gr deletion. Using SFVs (sequence family variants), we discriminate DAZ1/2, DAZ3/4, CDY1a (proximal), and CDY1b (distal) and define four types of DAZ-CDY1 gr/gr deletion. CONCLUSIONS: The only deletion type to show an association with infertility was DAZ3/4-CDY1a (p = 0.042), suggesting that most gr/gr deletions are neutral variants. We see a stronger association, however, between loss of the CDY1a SFV and infertility (p = 0.002). Thus, loss of this SFV through deletion or gene conversion could be a major risk factor for male infertility.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

[French national survey of the use of monitoring devices during cardiopulmonary bypass in 2001].

OBJECTIVES: To study the different monitoring devices used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to determine the factors, which may influence the choice of these equipments. STUDY DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was send to the 66 French cardiac surgery centres. Results have been analysed about the economic status (public health service or private institution) and the business of the centre (less than 500, between 500 to 800 and more than 800 cardiopulmonary bypass/year). RESULTS: The rate of answer reached 73%. In 40% of centres, the cardiovascular perfusionist was not alone during the procedure. The percentage of centres using a checklist was 80%, a neurologic monitoring 42%, anaesthesia depth monitoring 40%, venous reservoir level detector 52%, arterial line bubble detector 38%, cardioplegia circuit bubble detector 6%, transoesophageal echocardiography 48%, pipe's temperature monitoring 90%; oxymetry 44%, capnography 25%, SvO2 98%, blood gas analysis outside the OR 46% and computer records 35%. No difference was observed between public and private institution for these latter devices. However, a significant difference was noticed among the low, intermediate and highly busy centres for the use of checklist, the EEG monitoring, the pipe and water circuit temperature monitoring, capnography and location of the biologic analysers. CONCLUSION: Equipments were not similar among the different French cardiac surgery centres. Furthermore, the French practice seems different from American, UK and Australian's one. These results highlight the need of establishing French guidelines, which are absent.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed2003

Antenatal detection of a communicating duodenal duplication.

We report a case of a subhepatic cystic mass diagnosed in utero by antenatal ultrasonography (US) at 15 weeks' gestation which subsequently proved to be a communicating duodenal duplication. In this male foetus, the differential diagnosis was choledochal cyst, congenital biliary atresia, foregut duplication or omentum cyst. Neonatal US examination lead to a diagnosis of duodenal duplication, also confirmed by barium gastrointestinal series. He was operated on day 8 and recovered uneventfully. We discuss the accuracy of antenatal US in the diagnosis of such right upper quadrant cystic masses. Now that antenatal findings are becoming increasingly sensitive in the detection of foetal anomalies, and parents need to be informed about the suspected pathology and its prognosis, we tried to determine, in the light of this case and a review of the literature, how antenatal US findings can offer more accuracy in the diagnosis of duodenal duplication.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Failure of primary management of developmental dislocation of the hip: 31 years experience in Normandy].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Primary management of developmental dislocation of the hip involves a series of events (clinical screening and detection, choice and interpretation of imaging studies, indication and proper execution of treatment). Each event has an important effect on outcome and failure may result from inadequate attention to any one. We analyzed the causes of failure observed over 31 years experience in our region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the files of children hospitalized in the Rouen Infantile Surgery Department from 1968 to 1998 for management of congenital dislocation of the hip diagnosed late (> 3 months) or for revision after inappropriate treatment. We identified 353 files. This series was retrospective from 1968 to 1985 (283 cases) and prospective from 1986 to 1998 (70 cases). RESULTS: Up through 1981, failed detection of developmental dislocation of the hip was identified in 10 to 27 children per year (mean 21.5). Since 1982, this rate has varied from 1 to 10 (mean 6.5). The number of children treated before the age of one year was 10.5 per year up through 1981 then 4.5 per year after 1982. The number of children treated after the age of one year was 11 per year through 1981 then 2 per year after 1982. Since 1986, treatment was undertaken for failure of primary management in 57 children after clinical diagnosis, in 3 children after radiological and ultrasonographic diagnosis, and in 11 children during the course of treatment. Standard x-ray studies systematically obtained at four months corrected the diagnosis in 24 children. The diagnosis was corrected after repeating the examination in 14 children before the age of one year. Correct diagnosis was established after the age of one year in 18 children. DISCUSSION: Although our University Department was the only referral center for pediatric surgery in our region during this period, these figures cannot be compared with the annual birth rate in the region (24,000 births/year) because the number of infants managed in other centers is unknown. Nevertheless, organizing regular follow-up by a pediatric orthopedic surgeon of all infants screened positive in the maternity ward enabled a 70% reduction in the number of failures since 1982. Systematic clinical screening, repeated regularly during the first year of life, has reduced the mean age of diagnosis. Neither ultrasonography nor radiography has replaced physical examination. Care must also be taken to avoid over reliance on ultrasound findings which do not correspond to clinical findings. Amongst the children treated late, 14% had undergone an inappropriate treatment for dislocation correctly identified during the neonatal period. Referring all children screened positive to a pediatric orthopedic surgeon should help reduce this rate.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2002

Regulation of striatal neuropeptide mRNAs: effects of the 5-HT(2) antagonist SR46349B in adult rats with a neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion.

The intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in newborn rats produces a marked striatal dopamine (DA) depletion, accompanied by a serotonin (5-HT) hyperinnervation and an up-regulation of 5-HT receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the increase in 5-HT(2) receptors could compensate for some of the DA lesion-induced effects, such as the increase in striatal preproenkephalin (PPE) and the decrease in preprotachykinin A (PPT-A) mRNA levels. Three months after the DA lesion, the effect of the selective 5-HT(2) antagonist SR46349B was investigated by a subacute treatment (10 mg/kg, IP, twice per day for 3.5 days). In sham-operated rats, the blockade of 5-HT(2) receptors decreased PPE mRNA levels in the striatum and, by contrast, had no effect on PPT-A mRNA levels. In rats with a unilateral neonatal DA lesion, SR46349B had no more effect on PPE mRNA levels in the intact striatum and was unable to modify the lesion induced-increase in PPE mRNA. The decrease in PPT-A mRNA levels induced by the neonatal DA lesion was not changed after SR46349B treatment in the posterior part of the lesioned striatum. Our results suggest that SR46349B indirectly decreases PPE mRNA levels in striatopallidal neurons in intact animals through a desinhibition of DA neuron activity. This is further evidenced by the lack of PPE mRNA changes in the DA lesioned striatum despite the up-regulation of 5-HT(2) receptor transmission induced in this model. Finally, the absence of any effect of 5-HT(2) antagonist on the expression of PPT-A mRNA in intact animals is discussed. The precise role of 5-HT(2) receptor on PPT-A mRNA biosynthesis after a neonatal lesion should be clarified by further experiments using 5-HT(2) agonists.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Neurochemical changes and neurotoxic effects of an acute treatment with sydnocarb, a novel psychostimulant: comparison with D-amphetamine.

Sydnocarb [(phenylisopropyl)N-phenylcarbamoylsydnonimine; SYD] was introduced to clinical practice in Russia as a psychostimulant drug used for the treatment of asthenia and apathy, which accompany schizophrenia and manic depression. It has been described as a psychostimulant with addiction liability and toxicity less than amphetamine (AMPH). The precise cellular mechanisms by which sydnocarb elicits its psychostimulant effect are still unclear. At present its neurochemical and neurotoxic effects are compared to those of AMPH in the striatum, the main input structure of the basal ganglia. The expression of c-fos protein in striatal neurons was much more increased after a single injection of D-AMPH (5 mg/kg) than after an equimolar concentration of SYD (23.8 mg/kg) in both the anterior and the posterior part of the striatum. Using in situ hybridization on striatal slices, we observed that AMPH increased the striatal levels of preprodynorphin (PPDYN) mRNAs in both parts of the striatum, while SYD did not affect basal levels of PPDYN mRNAs. Furthermore, AMPH and SYD increased striatal preprotachykinin (PPT-A) and preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA levels. The effects of AMPH and SYD on PPT-A-mRNA levels were similar. A differential effect of AMPH and SYD was observed only on the PPE-mRNA levels measured in the anterior striatum where SYD increased these levels more than AMPH. The acute neurotoxicity of these two psychostimulants was analyzed by measuring their effects on the parameters of oxidative stress, such as nitric oxide (NO) generation, as well as specific indices of lipid peroxidation (i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), while, on the other hand, the alpha-tocopherol level was taken as an index of antioxidant defense processes. Measuring generation of NO directly by electron paramagnetic resonance, it was observed that AMPH shows a more pronounced increase in comparison to SYD, in the striatum and in cortex. TBARS levels in the striatum and cortex were significantly less enhanced than AMPH after a single injection of SYD. Similarly, the alpha-tocopherol level was decreased only by AMPH in the striatum, and neither AMPH nor SYD had any effect in the cortex. Results show that a single injection of a high dose of AMPH is able to induce several neurotoxic effects. The study also demonstrates that SYD has mild neurochemical effects as well as fewer neurotoxic properties than AMPH.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

S-position isomers of BEDT-TTF and EDT-TTF: synthesis and influence of outer sulfur atoms on the electrochemical properties and crystallographic network of related organic metals.

The synthesis and characterization of new modified tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF), the S-position isomers of BEDT-TTF and EDT-TTF, are described. The synthetic strategy presented in this work is based on an efficient and unprecedented two-step sequence for the conversion of a vicinal bis(hydroxymethyl) functionality into a disulfide ring. Different routes are discussed in terms of efficiency for the synthesis of the symmetric S-position isomer of BEDT-TTF and that of EDT-TTF. Their electrochemical properties are combined with data obtained from UV/Vis spectroscopy and orbital calculations, and the electronic influence of peripheral sulfur atoms on the neutral and oxidized species is discussed. The introduction of these outer sulfur atoms at the periphery of the TTF core gives rise to specific intermolecular S...S interactions in the corresponding organic materials. Crystallographic studies of radical cation salts synthesized upon electrocrystallization clearly showed that the network obtained is dictated by the outer sulfur atoms, which are responsible for a characteristic and unprecedented "windmill" array.

Journal Article↗