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Biomedical subjects

C E Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C E Anderson.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Nasoendotracheal tube obstruction secondary to inferior turbinate impaction.

This case report discusses one of the unusual complications of nasoendotracheal intubation, amputation of the inferior turbinate with its subsequent impaction of the nasoendotracheal tube. A healthy 19-year-old male underwent surgery for an open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured mandible. Several minutes after nasoendotracheal intubation, airway pressures increased, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels increased, and the patient became difficult to ventilate. The patient was extubated and then reintubated with a smaller-diameter nasoendotracheal tube through the same naris without further sequelae. After examination the tube was found to be occluded with an inferior turbinate. The increased airway pressure and elevated carbon dioxide levels were early signs of partial airway obstruction. Capnography was an important early warning device to provide information prior to changes in other vital signs. It allowed rapid detection of a potentially disastrous obstruction of the airway before the patient experienced severe cardiopulmonary complications. These facts should assist the anesthetist in focusing attention on the possible obstruction of the airway with a foreign body after nasoendotracheal intubation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Keeping babies warm: have we got it right?

Concern has recently centred on the risks of babies overheating in their cots at night. We review the conditions under which babies sleep at home, and their effects on body temperature. Parents do not choose room heating, clothing and wrapping at random, but according to a 'formula' based on perceived risk to the infant of cooling. This formula allows 95 per cent of 3-4 month babies to produce controlled fall in body temperature at night, but most have to cooly by active thermoregulation, which relies heavily on the head as a route of heat loss. We conclude with some general recommendations about room heating and wrapping of babies which may reduce the risk of thermal stress during sleep.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1987

Indium 111-labeled platelet deposition in woven and knitted Dacron bifurcated aortic grafts with the same patient as a clinical model.

A study was designed to compare platelet deposition between knitted and woven Dacron grafts in the same patient. Twenty patients received aortoiliac or aortofemoral bifurcated Dacron grafts, each composed of one woven and one double-velour knitted limb. External nuclear graft imaging was carried out after injection of autologous platelets labeled with indium 111. The patients were studied postoperatively in time periods ranging from 6 days to 42 months. Platelet accumulation was almost identical in knitted and woven limbs in all patients. This study appears to indicate that there is no difference in thrombogenicity between knitted and woven bifurcated Dacron grafts in the aortoiliac or aortofemoral positions measured by platelet accumulation.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1985

Marker chromosomes: cytogenetic characterization and implications for prenatal diagnosis.

Satellited marker chromosomes were identified in four individuals from unrelated families; one was first encountered in cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained for prenatal diagnostic studies. We present cytogenetic characterization of these marker chromosomes and clinical findings in the individuals carrying them. Identification of a marker chromosome in amniotic fluid cell cultures presents problems in genetic counseling, as it is often difficult to determine the clinical significance of such a finding. Chromosome-banding techniques now allow the precise identification of satellited marker chromosomes originating from chromosome 15. Presence of a supernumerary bisatellited der(15) marker chromosome containing the proximal long arm of 15 has been associated with mental and developmental retardation. Application of chromosome-banding techniques was useful in characterization of the marker chromosomes and providing prenatal genetic counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Neuraminidase inhibition by chemically sulphated glycopeptides.

Chemically sulphated glycopeptides (derived from pig duodenal mucosa) inhibited Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) activity in a pH-dependent manner. Analysis of inhibition kinetics data indicated that, although the enzyme inhibition could not be categorized into any of the classical types of inhibition, it could be interpreted as a function of the size and shape of the substrates used. The enzyme activity was inhibited by 86% and 40% when tested with bovine submaxillary-gland mucin (mol. wt. 4 x 10(5)-40 x 10(5) and N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose (mol. wt. 633) as substrates respectively. Presence of sulphated glycopeptide did not affect the binding of N-acetylneuraminic acid (mol. wt. 309), a competitive inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, to the enzyme active site. The enzyme inhibition was thus considered to be due to steric hindrance as a consequence of the non-specific interactions between the enzyme molecule and polyanionic sulphated glycopeptide affecting the differential accessibility of the substrate molecules to the enzyme active site. The enzyme-inhibitor interaction could be suppressed by rapid and many-fold dilution of the reaction mixture, by concurrent addition of the inactive enzyme or by partial removal of the sulphate esters from the sulphated glycopeptide molecule by the action of Helix pomatia arylsulphatase (EC 3.1.6.1).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Effect of O-sulphate groups in lactose and N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose on their enzymic hydrolysis.

1. Lactose 6'-O-sulphate, N-acetylneuraminyl-(alpha 2 leads to 3)-D-lactose 6'-O-sulphate, N-acetylneuraminyl ?-O-sulphate-(alpha 2 leads to 3)-D-lactose 6'0-O-sulphate, N-acetylneuraminyl ?-O-sulphate-(alpha 2 leads to 6)-D-lactose and N-acetylneuraminyl-(alpha 2 leads to 3)- and -(alpha 2 leads to 6))-lactose 6'-O-sulphate were prepared by chemical sulphation of lactose, N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose and tis isomers by using pyridine-SO3 reagent. 2. Significant kinetic differences were observed in the enzymic hydrolysis of the sulphated derivatives compared with unsubstituted substrates. 3. In the case of reactions catalysed by rat liver lysosomal and Clostridium perfringens neuraminidases (EC 3.2.1.18), the presence of an O-sulphate group in the N-acetylneuraminyl moiety affected the reaction by decreasing the Km and the Vmax, its presence in the galactosyl moiety affected the reaction by decreasing the Km and increasing the Vmax. and its presence in both N-acetylneuraminyl and galactosyl moieties decreased the Km and the Vmax. of the reaction. 4. Mixed-substrate reaction kinetic data indicated competition between the sulphated and unsubstituted substrates for the same active sites on the neuraminidase molecule. 5. Lactose 6'-O-sulphate neither behaved as a substrate nor acted as an inhibitor with respect to unsubstituted lactose and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside when tested with lactase of suckling rat intestine and Escherichia coli beta-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). 6. Preliminary investigation also indicated that, whereas glucose 6-O-sulphate and glucose 3-O-sulphate were were neither substrate nor inhibitor of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), galactose 6-O-sulphate was oxidized half as fast as unsubstituted galactose by galactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.48).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sulphated glycopeptides on kinetics of 3-O-methyl glucose and 2-deoxyglucose transport by epithelial cells isolated from rabbit small intestine.

Suspensions of cells isolated from rabbit small intestine were prepared which showed a considerable rate of respiration after 4 h of their isolation. Rabbit intestinal cells accumulated 3-O-methyl-glucose by an active transport mechanism which was Na+-dependent whereas 2-deoxyglucose was transported by a saturable pathway. Analysis of the initial transport data indicated that the uptake of both sugars by cells followed Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics. These cells also showed a considerable degree of 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation and the transport of the sugar into the cells appeared to be a rate-limiting factor for its phosphorylation. Sulphated glycopeptide had no effect on the respiration rate of these cells but it increased the transport of 3-O-methyl-glucose and 2-deoxyglucose into cells by many fold compared with untreated cells. Kinetic analysis of the data indicated that the increase in the transport was due to increased V while the Km remained unchanged. Presence of sulphated glycopeptide had no effect on the kinetics of phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose. These effects of sulphated glycopeptide on the transport activity of the cells have been discussed as a result of an increase in the number of sugar sites in the cell membrane due to unmasking or activation of preexisting sites owing to the interaction between the cell membrane components and highly polyanionic sulphated glycopeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Heredity in congenital esotropia.

As an approach to the problem of familial tendency for congenital esotropia, four families were selected because of proband (index case) who had congenital esotropia. Available family members were evaluated for strabismus and other anomalies of vision. Several possible risk factors were evaluated and the presence of high accommodative convergence-to-accommodation ratio was remarkable. Increased prevalence of congenital esotropia was found among family members as compared to the general population, but with no consistent pattern of Mendelian (single gene) inheritance. These findings are consistent with but not proof of a multifactorial (polygenic and environmental interaction) model. The implication for practicing optometrists is that families with one member affected with congenital esotropia represent a group with increased risk for recurrence.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1978

The use of viable hepatocytes to study the hormonal control of glycogenolysis in the chicken.

The rapid isolation of high yields of parenchymal cells from chicken liver is described. Stringent tests of viability show that the isolated hepatocytes are both structurally and metabolically similar to those in intact liver. During incubation viability decreased and the significance of this change on the interpretation of metabolic experiments is discussed. Lactate was a much more effective gluconeogenic precursor than pyruvate even in the presence of additional reducing equivalents. Hepatocytes isolated from fed chickens produced glucose from glycogen degradation. Glycogenolysis was stimulated by glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and adrenaline. Half maximal glucagon effects were elicited by physiological concentrations of the hormone. Glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and adrenaline their action was not additive to that of adrenaline.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1978

Congenital central nervous system malformations and vinyl chloride monomer exposure: a community study.

Incidence rates for central nervous system (CNS) malformations in infants born to residents of Kanawha County, West Virginia, 1970-1974, were significantly higher than comparable United States rates during those years. Since Kanawha County contains a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization plant, a case-control study was conducted on the possible relationship between the occurrence of CNS defects and parental occupational or residential exposure to vinyl chloride monomer emissions from this plant. No relationship with parental occupation was found. While a tendency was noted for residences of case families to be located in an area northeast of the plant, this observation did not entirely correlate with existing data on local patterns of wind direction and air pollution.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

Hereditary considerations in common disorders.

We have reviewed the approach of the modern clinical geneticist to the genetics of common diseases. The importance of considering genetic heterogeneity within these groups of disorders has been emphasized. The physician should recognize our present inability to deliver exact recurrence risks for most families with these common disorders. As our knowledge improves, we must constantly update our counseling. Until then, in most cases, we can only utilize the empirical risk data presently available and provide an idea of the magnitude of risk, which in many of these disorders appears low. However, continued utilization of imprecise risk data must not impede recognition of potential and demonstrated heterogeneity within these disorders, or retard the development of new and improved risk data based on knowledge of the heterogeneity within common diseases.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1978

Patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect: trends in reported frequency.

Nationwide secular increases in the reported frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) are presented. Detailed examination of data from one locality, Metropolitan Atlanta, indicates that the increases were primarily the result of a rise in the reported frequency of these heart defects in isolated form (i.e., without other malformations). During the latter years of the study more Atlanta babies with isolated PDA were of low birth weight and short gestational age, and more cases were diagnosed in the infants' first week of life. The increase in VSD was not as consistent nor as dramatic as that of PDA. Neither were there any changes over time in the demographic characteristics of Atlanta infants affected by isolated VSD. At least part and perhaps all of the increase in PDA may be explained by an increased awareness on the part of physicians who take care of premature infants. While the increase in reported VSD may be explainable on the basis of awareness or secular shifts in diagnostic standards, the problem seems qualitatively different from that of PDA.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1977

Ether-linked glycerolipids in human brain tumors.

In this investigation, the lipid composition of a number of human brain tumors was determined and compared to that of normal adult brain. Glioblastomas (11 samples), astrocytomas (4 samples), an acoustic neurinoma, an oligodendroglioma, and a meningioma were analyzed. All of the tumors had substantial levels (0.8-3.4% of total phospholipids) of choline plasmalogen which was present in only trace amounts in normal brain. With the exceptions of the acoustic neurinoma and the meningioma, the concentration of alkylacylglycerophosphorylcholine was also higher in the tumors than in normal brain. Neutral lipids of brain tumors also contained high concentrations of both alkyl (1.6-4.8% of total neutral gsults from this investigation indicate that increases in ether-linked glycerolipids may be characteristic of human brain tumors.

Astrocytoma↗