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Biomedical subjects

C E Climent

Publications and source records attributed to C E Climent.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prediction of risk for drug use in high school students.

On the basis of questionnaires administered to almost 2,000 high school students in Cali, Colombia, a subset of items was selected that deal primarily with parent--child relationships. This 53-item set, referred to as the Drug Risk Scale (DRS), was administered to two new cross-validation samples, one consisting of high school students and the other consisting of drug addicts attending drug rehabilitation centers. Significant differences in parent--child relations were found between these new groups. The DRS was also found to have reasonably high sensitivity and specificity. Its potential value as a risk-prediction instrument is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Knowledge and attitudes of primary health care personnel concerning mental health problems in developing countries: a follow-up study.

Within the context of a World Health Organization coordinated collaborative study health workers in six developing countries were assessed 18 months after their training for improvement in their knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems and their management. The approaches to training varied between study areas, but the degree of improvement following the training, was of equal magnitude in all countries. The training process has formalized the recognition by the health workers that treatment of mental health problems is an integral part of their work.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Prediction of risk for drug use in high school students.

On the basis of questionnaires administered to almost 2,000 high school students in Cali, Colombia, a subset of items was selected that deal primarily with parent-child relationships. This 53 item set, referred to as the Drug Risk Scale (DRS), was administered to two new cross-validation samples, one consisting of high school students and the other consisting of drug addicts attending drug rehabilitation centers. Significant differences in parent-child relations were found between these new groups. The DRS was also found to have reasonably high sensitivity and specificity. Its potential value as a risk-prediction instrument is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The burden of mental illness on the family. Results of observations in four developing countries. A report from the WHO Collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care.

As part of the WHO Collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care 259 families in four developing countries (Colombia, India, Sudan and the Philippines) were screened with regard to the social burden caused by mental illness of one of its members. Levels of subsistence, previous illness, financial burden, personal relations and social acceptance were studied. The social burden was greatest in the urban areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, II: The development of new research methods.

Teams in seven developing countries under sponsorship of the World Health Organization have been carrying out collaborative operational research on providing mental health care through primary health care services. New techniques of identifying mental disorders in children and adults have been developed and tested. Methods of assessing the skills and attitudes of health workers toward mental health work and of gauging community attitudes toward mental illness have also been developed. Results have been directly applied in planning better mental health care. The authors conclude that cross-cultural collaborative research is effective in improving mental health care for those in greatest need.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, III: Evaluative design and illustrative results.

Teams in seven developing countries have adopted a common research design to evaluate new community mental health care services. The nature of the intervention programs varied considerably according to the characteristics of each area. Observations made before the intervention and 18 to 24 months after showed significant changes in the attitudes, knowledge, and diagnostic accuracy of health staff and in community attitudes and reactions. A considerable number of individuals with serious mental disorders received effective care for the first time.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Knowledge and attitudes of primary health care personnel concerning mental health problems in developing countries.

A semi-structured interview for assessing the knowledge and attitude of health workers concerning mental health problems was applied in seven developing country areas within the context of a World Health Organization coordinated collaborative study. The results indicate a lack of basic mental health training associated with a failure to recognize mental health problems, restricted knowledge concerning psychotropic drug therapy, and an inability to visualize practical forms of mental health care which could be introduced at primary care level. The results were used to design appropriate training programs, and the observations will be repeated to assess the effectiveness of training.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Research screening instruments as tools in training health workers for mental health care.

Two simple screening instruments for mental disorders in adults and children respectively were developed in the course of an evaluative study on mental health care in developing countries. Two research teams have attempted to use these same instruments as training tools for primary health care workers. Their experience has shown that the design of the instruments with short, easily understandable questions to which an answer "yes" or "no" can be given is also highly appropriate in the training situation and in daily work. The adaptation and use of these new training tools for primary health care workers in Manila (Philippines) and Cali (Colombia) is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Training in psychiatry for health teams in Colombia].

About 90% of the 40 million victims of mental disorders in the developing countries receive no treatment, and little progress is being made in this respect. This article examines the use of new strategies for solving the problem. It is obvious that the traditional methods of mental health care have been ineffective and that new programs should now be undertaken that can ensure proper service within the coming decades for those being neglected. Based on the results of a practical experiment carried out in Colombia, the authors, without making any definitive recommendations, point to the usefulness of training auxiliary staff of urban and rural health centers to work as a team (under the supervision of a physician or a graduate nurse) in the care and management of psychiatric patients. They enumerate the advantages offered by training programs on various aspects of mental health for general practitioners (who usually have little interest in psychiatry), psychiatry residents, nurses, and auxiliaries.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1981

The classification of psychiatric disorder. A reliability study in the WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care.

Altogether 26 psychiatrists and other mental health workers, from Colombia, Brazil, Sudan, Egypt, India and the Philippines tried to reach agreement on the classification of 10 case histories, using the International Classification of Diseases (8th revision). The exercise was part of the WHO Collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care. Conventions, mistakes, differences of opinion and a lack of rules are discussed as causes for disagreement.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Childhood mental disorders in primary health care: results of observations in four developing countries. A report from the WHO collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care.

To ascertain the frequency of mental disorders in Sudan, Philippines, India, and Columbia, 925 children attending primary health care facilities were studied. Rates of between 12% and 29% were found in the four study areas. The range of mental disorders diagnosed was similar to the encountered in industrialized countries. The research procedure involved a two-stage screening in which a ten-item "reporting questionnaire" constituted the first stage. The study has shown that mental disorders are common among children attending primary health care facilities in four developing countries and that accompanying adults (usually the mothers) readily recognize and report common psychologic and behavioral symptoms when these are solicited by means of a simple set of questions. Despite this, the primary health workers themselves recognized only between 10% and 22% of the cases of mental disorder. The result have been used to design appropriate brief training courses in childhood mental disorders for primary health workers in the countries participating in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mental disorders in primary health care: a study of their frequency and diagnosis in four developing countries.

1624 patients who were attending primary health facilities in 4 developing countries were examined to determine how many were suffering from mental disorder. Using stringent criteria to establish the presence of psychiatric morbidity, 225 cases were found, indicating an overall frequency of 13.9%. The great majority of cases were suffering from neurotic illnesses and for most the presenting complaint was of a physical symptom, such as headache, abdominal pain, cough or weakness. The health workers following their normal procedure correctly detected one third of the psychiatric cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Strategies for extending mental health services to developing countries. I. Description of the project].

Mental Disorders constitute a severe Public Health problem in developing countries due to inadequate resources specially in terms of trained personnel; furthermore, Mental Health care is given out only in specialized Institutions where it has not been possible to provide coverage for more than a small part of the population. In this context the Collaborative Study on Strategies for the Extension of Mental Health Care has been planned, using as its guiding principle the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee on Organization of Mental Health Services in Developing Countries (W.H.O. 1975). The objectives of the study are to determine the feasibility of introducing Mental Health Care directed toward defined priority conditions into general health services, to develop methods of selection for interventions in Mental Health Care as well as methods for task oriented training for health workers, to evaluate effectiveness of alternative low cost methods and to develop and evaluate ways of simulating community response to problems related to mental disorders. The areas selected are representative of the range of environments in developing countries in terms of overall socioeconomic and health status. In each area, actions will be directed towards making baseline observations and towards provision of care (planning, training, supervision and provision of referral channels). Specific interventions in the Cali area are described in regard to the training of the Health Center personnel in Mental Health, the provision of psychotropic drugs at the peri-urban level and provision of Mental Health Care by Primary Health Workers under the supervision of Health Center physicians and nurses.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiological studies of female prisoners. IV. Homosexual behavior.

The existence of homosexual behavior in female offenders is investigated not only as an adaptive process but as an established behavior existing prior to detention. Ninety-five prisoners from the Framingham Institution for Women were included: 26 were self-reported homosexuals, 42 were considered homosexuals by prision staff, and 27 were nonhomosexuals. Suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, psychiatric problems during menstruation, and a history of violent crimes against persons were characteristic of the homosexual group, whereas a history of crimes against self and property as well as history of alcoholism were common in the nonhomosexual group. Violet behavior together with suicidal attempts in homosexual female prisoners support the hypothesis that aggressive impulses may be expressed either externally or toward the self, the problem being one of impairment in control mechanisms. The findings also suppor the idea that violent behavior, as shown by this group of incarcerated homosexual females, is multidetermined. The factors that influence its appearance and expression could include a history of family violence, impulse control as children, neurological abnormality, sex role identification problems, biochemical abnormalities (manifested as menstrual irregularities), and impulse control problems as adults. A better understanding of human violence must be based on the recognition of the multidimensional nature of the problem using the tools and insights from many disciplines.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Parental loss, depression and violence. III. Epidemiological studies of female prisoners.

Information was obtained from 95 incarcerated female prisoners on their history of violence, on their feelings of depression, their suicide attempts, and on their history of loss of parents. The data revealed that the loss of father before the age of 10 years was more highly correlated with signs of depression in these women prisoners than was loss of mother. Women who reported at least one suicide attempt in the past were significantly more depressed on the self-report measure of depression than the other women, and were more likely to be judged as violent on the basis of several independent indices. The results support the hypothesis that violence toward others and suicidal behavior are part of the same phenomenon of impairment in control mechanisms.

Depression↗