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Biomedical subjects

C E Doige

Publications and source records attributed to C E Doige.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Variability in limb malformations and possible significance in the pathogenesis of an inherited congenital neuromuscular disease of Charolais cattle (syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis).

Limb abnormalities in 30 calves with an inherited congenital neuromuscular disorder known as syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis were classified according to the range of severity of joint deformity in either flexion or extension, and restricted joint movement. Joint movement was variably affected; it was either normal, lax, restricted in the range of mobility, or occasionally, fixed. The characteristic findings were: bilateral hyperextension of the hind fetlock, flexion deformity of the forelimb that particularly involved the fetlock and the carpus, with restricted articular movement and complete rigidity in some cases. One-third of calves also had medial deviation of the forelimb due to angular deformity of articular surfaces in the carpus. All nine live calves were floppy due to marked generalized muscular hypotonia. Birth weight of deformed calves was reduced. In some calves muscle development was impaired as judged by muscle weight, and histological examination. In some calves the gross appearance, muscle weight and histological examination revealed no abnormal development and indicated that the effects on skeletal muscle were secondary. No lesions were found in the spinal cord of 23 of 24 calves examined histologically. The remaining calf had a localized cavitation in the dorsal white matter at T2-3. Based on the observations in calves in this study it is proposed that both primary and secondary factors contribute to the phenotypic expression of this congenital deformity. The primary lesion is considered to be a neurogenic abnormality of differentiation in the central nervous system. Cytogenetic analysis of 16 carrier cows and two deformed calves showed normal karyotypes. Serology for Akabane virus in 16 carrier cows was negative.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Suppurative cholangitis in cats.

Suppurative cholangitis in 5 aged cats was characterized clinically by weight loss, depression, dehydration, icterus, and fever. The major abnormal laboratory findings were a severe left shift of WBC and a high, conjugated bilirubin concentration consistent with an inflammatory process and cholestasis. Gross pathologic findings included periductal biliary fibrosis (4 cats), periductal pancreatic fibrosis (2 cats), cholelithiasis (2 cats), deformation of the gallbladder (2 cats), and chronic interstitial pancreatitis (2 cats). Histopathologic findings in all cases were portal hepatic fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and suppurative exudate within dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts. Weight loss and portal fibrosis were suggestive of chronic, intermittent illness. The pathogenesis appeared to involve invasion of the bile duct by enteric bacteria. Cholangitis was observed to occur in association with pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, or anatomic abnormalities of the biliary tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of viral dose on experimental pneumonia caused by aerosol exposure of calves to bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica.

The effect of various aerosol doses of bovine herpesvirus 1, followed four days later by aerosol exposure to a constant level of Pasteurella haemolytica, was studied in 16 crossbred Hereford range calves. A Collision nebulizer was used to generate aerosols from virus suspensions with concentrations of 10(8.2) (high), 10(5.2) (moderate) or 10(2.2) (low) TCID50/mL. The bacterial suspension contained 10(7) colony forming units/mL. Control calves exposed only to P. haemolytica developed no pulmonary lesions. Calves in the low, moderate and high virus exposure groups developed lobular areas of atelectasis; in addition, one calf in the moderate and all four in the high virus exposure group developed fibrinous pneumonia. One of the latter calves died. The 50% effective dose for fibrinous pneumonia under these experimental conditions was 10(6.0) TCID50 bovine herpesvirus 1/mL of suspension in the nebulizer reservoir, and approximately 10(4.0) infectious units inhaled per calf.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Pathological changes in the navicular bone and associated structures of the horse.

Navicular bones from 74 horses were examined at necropsy. Animals ranged in age from eight months to 30 years. Eight horses had a clinical history of navicular disease. Degenerative lesions in the fibrocartilaginous surface of the navicular bone and of the surface of the deep flexor tendons were age related changes not necessarily related to lameness. These lesions were more extensive in horses with a history of navicular disease, and were often accompanied by adhesions and subchondral cavitation of the fibrocartilaginous surface of the navicular bone. Osteophytes, present in 12 of the 74 horses, appeared to be age-related and were uncommon in horses with a history of navicular disease. Nutrient foramina on the distal border of the navicular bone were highly variable in size and shape; in horses with a history of navicular disease they often had a small external opening that became larger as it penetrated the bone. Occlusive vascular disease (arteriosclerosis) was found in sound horses and in horses with a history of navicular disease. Thrombosis of arteries or ischemic necrosis of bone was not identified in any case.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Effect of bacterial dose on pneumonia induced by aerosol exposure of calves to bovine herpesvirus-1 and Pasteurella haemolytica.

Sixteen crossbred Hereford range calves were used to study the effects of Pasteurella haemolytica aerosols of various concentrations administered 4 days after they were exposed to a uniform aerosol of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). All calves were given BHV-1 on day 0. On day 4, groups of 4 calves each were exposed to aerosols of P haemolytica generated from suspensions with the following concentrations: high (10(8)/ml)--group 1, moderate (10(5)/ml)--group 2, low (10(2)/ml)--group 3, or none (control)--group 4. All calves developed clinical signs of respiratory infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Those in group 4 (controls) and group 3 (low bacterial concentration exposure) were near complete recovery by day 8. At necropsy, most calves in all groups had diphtheritic inflammation of the mucosal surfaces of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and lobular atelectasis of the lung parenchyma. Three of the group 2 calves (exposed to the moderate concentration of P haemolytica) and all group 1 calves became severely ill with fibrinous pneumonia; 3 in the latter group died by day 8. For the conditions of this experiment, the 50% lethal dose was 1 X 10(7.1) bacteria/ml of suspension from which the aerosol was generated and 1 X 10(5.1) P haemolytica inhaled/calf. The 50% effective dose for fibrinous pneumonia was 1 X 10(4.1) P haemolytica/ml of suspension and 1 X 10(2.1) bacteria inhaled/calf. The term "inhaled" was used to mean the number of organisms estimated to be taken into the respiratory tract at the level of the nostrils. The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between degree of exposure to P haemolytica and severity of pneumonia in this disease model.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Posterior paralysis due to fibrocartilaginous embolism in two weaner pigs.

Acute posterior paralysis in two weaner pigs was attributed to ischemic infarction of the lumbar spinal cord due to fibrocartilaginous emboli. These arterial and venous emboli were assumed to have originated from the nucleus pulposus of one or more intervertebral discs. There was no indication of an initiating factor in either instance, although some form of trauma may have been involved. Lesions were not grossly evident and were limited to one or two lumbar segments. Although it appears to be a rare occurrence, fibrocartilaginous embolism of the spinal cord should be considered in cases of acute paralysis in pigs particularly when gross lesions are absent.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Pathological findings associated with locomotory disturbances in lactating and recently weaned sows.

Nineteen lactating or recently weaned sows that had a history of lameness, weakness or paralysis were studied at necropsy. Ten sows had osteoporosis and pathological fractures while six had lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis. Values for bone ash, specific gravity of bone and the cortical to total ratio were significantly reduced in sows with osteoporosis and pathological fractures.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Hyperplastic goitre in newborn foals in Western Canada.

Hyperplastic goitre was observed in seven newborn foals. Several were weak at birth and died in the first 48 hours of life. Only one foal had myxedema and only three of the seven had obvious enlargement of the thyroid at necropsy. It is suggested that the goitre observed was caused by a dietary deficiency of iodine.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Discospondylitis in swine.

Gross and microscopic lesions of discospondylitis in swine are described. Gross lesions were characterized by areas of destruction and cavitation involving intervertebral discs and adjacent structures. Microscopically, acute lesions had hemorrhage and necrosis with infiltration of granulocytes and mononuclear cells. In chronic cases intradiscal structures were replaced by vascular connective tissue which contained plasma cells and lymphocytes. These lesions were most frequently associated with chronic erysipelas polyarthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pathological changes in the lumbar spine of boars.

Lumbar vertebral columns from 73 boars were examined for pathological changes. While pathological changes were minimal at five months of age, several animals aged seven to 18 months of age had facet asymmetry and large osteophytes surrounding lumbar facets. In the adult group 36% had degeneration of intervertebral discs and 28% had ventrolateral vertebral osteophytes. Lesions characterized by irregular areas of cavitation in the annulus and adjacent vertebral epiphyses were also observed. Of animals submitted for necropsy with a history of clinical lameness. lesions included nonsuppurative polyarthritis, fracture of the sacrum and femoral head, osteochondrosis involving articular cartilage of the distal humerus and distal femur, vertebral osteomyelitis, meningeal abscess and ulnar osteomyelitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathological changes in the lumbar spine of pigs: gross findings.

The lumbar vertebral columns from 60 sows and 30 slaughter weight pigs were examined grossly for pathological changes. Asymmetry of lumbar articular facets and minor periarticular osteophytes were seen in the slaughter weight group. Degeneration of intervertebral discs or vertebral osteophytes were not present. In contrast, 38% of 60 sows had vertebral osteophytes and 40% had degeneration of intervertebral discs. Extensive ankylosing spondylosis was present in two sows. Other vertebral lesions observed in sows include asymmetry and arthrosis of articular facets, fissures and areas of cavitation in the annulus fibrosus and vertebral end plate, and vertebral osteomyelitis and/or vertebral fracture. Extravertebral skeletal lesions, some of which could be related to a clinical history of lameness or posterior paralysis, include sacroiliac arthrosis, pelvic deformity, polyarthritis, femoral osteomyelitis, sacroiliac dislocation and epiphyseolysis involving the femoral head or tuber ischii.

Animals↗