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Biomedical subjects

C E Graham

Publications and source records attributed to C E Graham.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Leeches.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Morton's interdigital neuroma: a comprehensive treatment protocol.

One hundred fifteen patients with signs and symptoms of Mortons' interdigital neuroma were studied in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of a staged treatment program. The first stage consisted of patient education, footwear modifications, and metatarsal head relief. The second stage consisted of a steroid/local anesthetic injection into the affected interspace. The third stage was surgical excision of the inflamed interdigital nerve. Overall, 97 of 115 patients (85%) believed that they had improved with the treatment program. Twenty-four patients (21%) eventually required surgical excision of the nerve and 23 of 24 patients (96%) had satisfactory results. The results of the staged treatment protocol were very satisfactory and patient satisfaction was high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of contact lens removal or displacement on intraocular pressure.

We conducted a controlled, prospective study involving 102 healthy volunteers to determine the effects of contact lens removal and contact lens displacement on subsequent intraocular pressure measurements. Intraocular pressure was measured at baseline, immediately after contact lens removal or displacement, and 5 minutes thereafter. The method of lens removal was either sliding displacement (51 eyes) or plucking (51 eyes). Right eyes were used for the test, and left eyes served as controls. Compared with baseline measurements, mean intraocular pressure immediately after plucking the lens was 0.8 mm Hg lower (P less than .01) and after sliding the lens was 0.5 mm Hg higher (P less than .05). Intraocular pressure changes of 4.0 mm Hg or more occurred in eight (15.6%) of 51 eyes in the pluck group vs four (7.8%) of 51 control eyes and in two (3.9%) of 51 eyes in the slide group vs zero of 51 control eyes. Compared with baseline, significant differences (P less than .05) were not found 5 minutes later. Clinicians who wish to minimize the influence of contact lens removal on tonometry readings should wait several minutes after contact lens removal before measuring intraocular pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of Oculab Tono-Pen readings obtained from various corneal and scleral locations.

When estimating intraocular pressure in patients who are uncooperative or who have central corneal disturbances, the physician may find it either impractical or undesirable to place the small tip of a portable electronic applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen) over the central cornea. To gauge better the usefulness of Tono-Pen readings obtained from various locations, we compared such readings measured through the central cornea, midperipheral cornea, limbal cornea, and sclera of 15 cannulated eye bank eyes. Mean Tono-Pen readings from the midperipheral and clear limbal cornea did not differ significantly from central corneal readings over a 10- to 35-mm Hg range of intraocular pressures and were within +/- 2.4 mm Hg of mean central corneal readings. Mean readings taken from the sclera, however, were 8.8 to 17.0 mm Hg higher than mean central corneal readings over the 10- to 40-mm Hg range. We concluded that multiple noncentral corneal readings with the Tono-Pen provided a useful approximation of intraocular pressure, whereas scleral readings did not.

Cornea↗
PubMed1991

Triple arthrodesis in adults.

Twenty-two adult patients who underwent a triple arthrodesis because of hindfoot pain and/or deformity were reviewed retrospectively with a minimum 3-year follow-up. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon using a two-incision technique and internal fixation. Objective results were good in eight (36%) patients, fair in 13 (59%), and poor in one (5%). There were two asymptomatic nonunions of the talonavicular joint, no infections, and no neuromas. Eleven patients had radiographic evidence of tibiotalar arthritis, and eleven patients had midfoot arthritic changes that had progressed after the operation. Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high, and 21 of 22 (95%) patients felt that they were improved overall and would have the surgery again if indicated. Although the procedure is technically demanding, patient satisfaction is high and complications can be kept to a minimum if proper surgical technique is utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous posterolateral lumbar discectomy. An alternative to laminectomy in the treatment of backache and sciatica.

The evacuation and decompression of the herniated lumbar disc (HLD) through a sheath or cannula inserted dorsolaterally represent a new concept in the treatment of backache and sciatica associated with disc herniation. Under local anesthetic and Valium (Roche, Nutley, New Jersey) sedation, 20 patients with sciatica, restricted straight-leg raising, and neurological impairment were treated by this simple and safe technique. All patients had computed tomographic evidence of L4-L5 protrusion. The introduction of a sheath with an internal diameter of 4.9 mm permitted removal of the nuclear material by means of a small pituitary forcep. Using the self-assessment method of Coventry and Stauffer, it was concluded that 12 of the 20 patients had a good or fair result. Predictably, the compensation patients fared poorly. There were no complications. This technique appears applicable in HLD to properly selected patients, and it would seem that it is safe, effective, and cost efficient.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Painful heel syndrome: radiographic and treatment assessment.

From July 1980 to January 1986, 170 patients who had unilateral heel pain were examined, x-ray filmed, and treated in a similar fashion. Radiographs of painful and nonpainful heels were measured. There was a statistically significant increased thickness of the heel fat pad and subfascial area compared with that of the control subject (the nonpainful side). A tightness of the Achilles tendon and a new sign, which the authors are designating as the "saddle" sign, were other prominent features. A treatment program of stretching exercises and walking seemed to be effective in relief of symptoms.

Heel↗
PubMed1987

Tolerance to effects of clonidine and morphine on sulfobromophthalein disposition in mice.

Chronic treatment of mice with clonidine or morphine caused tolerance to the analgesic and thermoregulatory effects of these drugs. After chronic morphine, mice also became tolerant to the analgesic and thermoregulatory effects of clonidine. Cross tolerance to the hypothermic effect of morphine was demonstrated after chronic clonidine administration, but no diminution of morphine-induced analgesia could be shown. Morphine and clonidine acutely increased the retention of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in plasma and liver. Chronic dosing with morphine or clonidine caused partial tolerance and cross-tolerance to the rise in hepatic BSP caused by an acute challenge with either agonist. However, both drugs elevated plasma BSP levels similarly in tolerant and non-tolerant mice. Thus, regimens which readily induced tolerance to the analgesic and hypothermic effects of morphine or clonidine were only partially effective in modifying the acute hepatobiliary effects of these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas in chimpanzees of various breeding capacities.

Adult chimpanzees (24 male, 76 female) with low and high rates of conception were examined for ureaplasmas, arginine-metabolizing mycoplasmas and chlamydiae. Ureaplasmas were isolated from the throat of only 1 male and 1 female animal, but from the urethra of 29% of the males and from the vagina of 95% of the females. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the throat more often than were ureaplasmas, but from the genital tract with about the same frequency as ureaplasmas. The numbers of organisms, of either type, isolated from the vagina were larger than the numbers isolated from the male urethra. Chlamydiae were not isolated from any animal. The occurrence of ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas and the numbers of these organisms isolated were similar in animals with low or high rates of conception. Furthermore, no association was noted between the organisms in the lower genital tract and the occurrence of abortion and/or stillbirth.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1986

Urogenital challenge of primate species with Mycoplasma genitalium and characteristics of infection induced in chimpanzees.

Eighteen male and eight female primates, representing five subhuman species, were inoculated urogenitally with Mycoplasma genitalium, a microorganism recovered from men with nongonococcal urethritis. Male rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys apparently were resistant. Female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and female tamarins (Saguinus mystax) exhibited low-level, genital-tract infections. Male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) developed an obvious genital-tract infection, with some shedding organisms for 21 weeks. M. genitalium was recovered from the blood of two of the male chimpanzees, usually when large numbers of organisms were in the urethra. Female chimpanzees generally shed organisms for 12-15 weeks. Most chimpanzees colonized with the organism exhibited increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the genital tract and developed a significant antibody response. The results offer substantial evidence for the pathogenicity of M. genitalium for the urogenital tract of higher primates and suggest the microorganism may have a role in human genital-tract infections.

Animals↗