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Biomedical subjects

C E Greene

Publications and source records attributed to C E Greene.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Cardiovascular infections in dogs: epizootiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis.

Bacteremia in dogs was found to be more prevalent than suspected and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and beta-hemolytic streptococci were the most commonly isolated microbes. Administration of glucocorticoids was the most common predisposing cause of infections. Subacute and chronic bacteremia often followed integumentary infections such as abscesses, cellulitis, and infected wounds and was usually the result of gram-positive microbes. Peracute and acute bacteremia was associated with internal infections and was usually the result of E coli. Many dogs with bacteremia had unusual or multisystemic signs similar to those observed with immune-mediated diseases. Hypotension, tachycardia, and weakness were features of gram-negative bacteremia, whereas gram-positive bacteremia had more chronic signs and tended to develop into diskospondylitis. The adequacy of treatment, type of bacteremia, source of infection, and delay before treatment influenced the course of illness. Cephalosporins and gentamicin were most effective against all types of bacteremia.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Clindamycin for treatment of Toxoplasma polymyositis in a dog.

Toxoplasma polymyositis was diagnosed in a dog given repeated injections of glucocorticoids for a skin condition. The dog developed generalized lower motor neuron paralysis, with generalized hyperesthesia, myoglobinuria, and high serum muscle enzyme activities. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by muscle biopsy and seroconversion. Despite supportive care, the dog's neurologic status deteriorated progressively until parenteral treatment with clindamycin was instituted. The dog made a gradual recovery, with complete return of locomotor function and muscle mass within 2 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hemothorax associated with telangiectatic osteosarcoma in a dog.

Hemothorax in a dog was attributed to bleeding from an intrathoracic mass attached to the sixth through the tenth ribs. The mass contained numerous cavernous, blood-filled spaces as well as bands of osteoid and occasional foci of osseous tissue. The diagnosis was telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is an uncommon variant of osteosarcoma. Cavernous, blood-filled spaces and paucity of bone are important histologic features. Metastasis was described in one of the seven telangiectatic osteosarcomas reported in dogs, and none was found in this case.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs and its differentiation from canine ehrlichiosis.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) or ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in dogs on the basis of specific immunofluorescent testing for each disease. Comparisons between clinical and laboratory findings were made between the 2 diseases. The incidence of RMSF tended to be more seasonal and it affected younger dogs. Purebred dogs appeared to be more susceptible to both diseases. In general, RMSF had a more rapid and severe course of clinical illness than did ehrlichiosis, but acute ehrlichiosis was difficult to differentiate from RMSF. Both diseases were characterized by fever, depression, lymphadenopathy, and signs of neurologic dysfunction; petechial hemorrhages or other signs of hemorrhagic diathesis were evident only in a small proportion of cases. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were more common in dogs with ehrlichiosis, whereas those with RMSF more often had leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Hypoalbuminemia was found in dogs with both diseases, but those with ehrlichiosis usually had concurrent hyperglobulinemia. High serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum cholesterol concentration, and low serum calcium concentration were more common in dogs with RMSF than with ehrlichiosis. Rising serum titers or positive direct immunofluorescence for Rickettsia rickettsii in skin biopsy specimens were used to confirm RMSF, whereas a single serum titer for Ehrlichia canis enabled detection of ehrlichiosis. In the absence of neurologic deficits and when dogs were treated with tetracycline, dogs with RMSF made a more rapid and consistent recovery than did dogs with ehrlichiosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of aspirin and propranolol on feline platelet aggregation.

Three groups of cats were given aspirin in single dosages of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg. A 4th group was given 2 dosages of 25 mg/kg, 3 days between doses. The degree of inhibition of platelet function and the duration of antagonism to platelet aggregation were studied. The dosage of 25 mg/kg (single and repeated) consistently inhibited platelet function, and the effects lasted 3 to 5 days. Additive drug effect was not noted in group 4, since the 2nd dosage antagonized platelet function to a degree and duration similar to the effects of the 1st. The dosage of aspirin recommended for antiplatelet activity in the average-sized cat (3 kg) equals approximately 1 pediatric aspirin (90 mg) given twice a week. Propranolol, given to cats at dosages of 2.5 to 15 mg had no effect on platelet aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Microtechnique for quantitative platelet isolation from blood enabling electronic counting and sizing of animal and human platelets.

A technique for rapidly separating platelets from small quantities of whole blood is described. The isolation method allowed for counting and sizing platelets by electronic means, and counts with this new method were closely correlated with those obtained by phase microscopy. Platelet sizing was possible because of the inert and isotonic nature of the density-gradient medium used in the procedure. The technique was applicable to samples of blood from persons, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. The isolation of platelets from whole blood of various species of animals was necessary for electronic counting because of the great variation in sizes of platelets and erythrocytes and the variable sedimentation properties of animal blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of platelet antibodies in dogs.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect serum antibodies reactive to canine platelets. The method used an anti-canine immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase conjugate, O-dianisidine, as a water-soluble chromagen, and pooled platelets as a temporary antibody support. The ELISA was compared with a conventional immunoinjury method measuring the accelerating effect of platelet factor 3 on coagulation. The ELISA was more sensitive in the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in canine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Serial dilution of rabbit anti-canine platelet serum revealed a positive correlation between the strength of the antiserum and the degree of color measured spectophotometrically, indicating that the absorbance value may be useful in estimating the amount of antibody present in the serum in indirect tests and on the platelets in direct tests.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1982

Vincristine in the treatment of thrombocytopenia in five dogs.

Five dogs with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were successfully treated with vincristine alone or in combination with a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoid therapy alone appeared ineffective in increasing the platelet count. Four dogs were effectively treated after a single dose of vincristine, but the remaining dog required an additional dose. Vincristine, although effective, is not recommended as the primary therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenia in the dog. High cost and potential side effects should make its use restricted to cases in which glucocorticoid therapy is either ineffective or contraindicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Activated partial thromboplastin time and activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized cats.

Cats were given heparin (IV or subcutaneously) at various dosages to determine the optimal dosage, route, and schedule for therapeutic anticoagulation. The activated coagulation time and activated partial thromboplastin time tests were used to evaluate heparin concentration. A dosage of 100 U/kg given IV produced an anticoagulation that was too brief and more potent than was desirable. Subcutaneous dosages of 250 and 375 U/kg produced therapeutically acceptable anticoagulation for 8 hours, whereas dosages of 500 and 1,000 U/kg causes an anticoagulation that was longer and more potent than was desirable. The activated coagulation time correlated well with the activated partial thromboplastin time in determining the degree of heparinization with certain limitations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Coagulation studies f plasmas from healthy domesticated animals and persons.

Optimal reaction conditions for the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 1-stage prothrombin time (PT), and Russell's viper venom time were studied for pooled plasmas of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs, cats, and persons. Changes in CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations had significant effects on the APTT and PT reactions. The APTT was more sensitive than the PT to changes in CaCl2 concentration. The CaCl2 concentration recommended by the manufacturer for the APTT was suboptimal for some of plasmas of domesticated animals in ths study. Infusorial earth (Celite, activator) concentration provided by the manufacturer was optimal for plasmas of all species, with exception of horses and swine. Optimal incubation times for the APTT for the equine, bovine, ovine, and caprine plasmas were shorter than the 5 minutes recommended for human plasma. Optimal incubations for porcine and canine plasmas were longer than 5 minutes. The APTT and PT of all plasmas were stable for up to 3 hours' storage at 4 C in all species' plasmas tested with exception of the porcine plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Chronic canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs.

Five dogs 2 to 8 years old with old dog encephalitis were compared to five other dogs, 4 to 8 1/2 years old, with prolonged multifocal demyelinating distemper encephalitis. The dogs with old dog encephalitis had a diffuse panencephalitis involving most areas of the central nervous system with relative sparing of the cerebellum. The clinical signs were related to the cortical and subcortical lesions. The other dogs had severe focal necrotizing lesions mostly in the cerebellum and in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle; clinical signs were related to brainstem and spinal cord lesions. Viral isolation attempts were unsuccessful in the dogs with old dog encephalitis. In two dogs with multifocal encephalitis, canine distemper virus was isolated in tissue culture. The differences in lesions, clinical signs and observations in vitro indicate differences in pathogenesis between old dog encephalitis and multifocal demyelinating distemper encephalitis although both diseases may be caused by the same agent.

Age Factors↗