Biomedical subjects

C E Greer

Publications and source records attributed to C E Greer.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Multiple Bowen's disease of the fingers associated with human papilloma virus type 16.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of multiple Bowen's disease (BD) in skin away from the anogenital area is rare. In contrast, multiple lesions of BD involving the anogenital skin (bowenoid papulosis) are not so rare and have been found to associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) usually type 16. We encountered a patient with multiple BD of the fingers and endeavored to detect HPV in his lesions. METHODS: Separate BD lesions from 3 fingers of the patient were investigated for the presence of HPV by means of the polymerase chain reaction, followed by dot blot hybridization. Other cases of BD with coexistent hpv infection excluding the anogenital area were collected from the literature for comparative study. RESULTS: HPV type 16 was detected in each of the three finger lesions of BD. Twenty cases of HPV related BD involving sites other than the anogenital area were found in the literature. Three of these cases had multiple lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Review of the 4 cases with multiple HPV related nonanogenital BD and the 17 others with solitary lesions reveals predilection for the hands and feet (90%) and affinity for type 16 infection (81%). The lesions usually present as verrucous plaques.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Papillomavirus found in anorectal squamous carcinoma, not in colon adenocarcinoma.

We used polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification methods for the detection and typing of genital human papillomaviruses in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of five patients with anorectal squamous cell carcinoma and 22 patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. The cases were further tested by in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled probes specific for human papillomavirus types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35. By polymerase chain reaction, human papillomavirus DNA was demonstrated in all of the cases of anorectal squamous cell carcinoma and in none of the cases of colonic adenocarcinoma for which analyzable DNA was available. Tumor cell nuclei stained for human papillomavirus DNA by in situ hybridization in four of the five cases of squamous cell carcinoma and in none of the cases of colonic adenocarcinoma. We conclude that human papillomavirus types usually associated with malignant transformation are uniformly present in anorectal squamous cell carcinoma but are absent from adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Detection of human papillomavirus types by the polymerase chain reaction and the differentiation between high-risk and low-risk cervical lesions.

By means of a consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, the prevalence of HPV types was determined in cervical biopsies from 137 women referred to the gynecological outpatient clinic for colposcopy because of an abnormal cervical smear. The prevalence of HPV was 80.3%. There was a statistically highly significant rise in the prevalence of the oncogenic HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33) with increasing severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I to III), indicating a role for these HPV types in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The prevalence of other HPV types decreased significantly with the severity of the lesion, suggesting that these HPV types play a less significant role in this process. These data indicate that HPV typing with PCR may be a valuable tool for distinguishing between high-risk and low-risk cervical lesions. Furthermore, our results suggest that the detection of HPV types by consensus PCR in the cervix of patients with an abnormal smear but without histologically detectable CIN is a useful tool for predicting which of these patients will eventually develop CIN. Finally, a relatively low percentage (3%) of HPV double infections is reported in this study.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1991

PCR amplification from paraffin-embedded tissues. Effects of fixative and fixation time.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification method is a powerful new tool for the retrospective analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue (PET). The technique has afforded the sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acid sequences associated with genetic and infectious diseases. However, PET processing conditions vary in their suitability for amplification. The authors have examined the effects of 11 fixatives at three fixation times. The effect of fixation was measured by the ability of the DNA in a treated tissue to serve as a template for the amplification of DNA fragments that ranged from 110 to 1,327 base pairs in length. Specimens fixed in acetone or 10% buffered neutral formalin were found to be best suited for subsequent analysis by PCR. A second group of fixatives, including Zamboni's, Clarke's, paraformaldehyde, formalin-alcohol-acetic acid, and methacarn, compromised amplification efficiency. Tissues treated with Carnoy's, Zenker's, or Bouin's, respectively, were even less desirable for amplification analysis.

Acetone↗

PubMed1991

PCR amplification from paraffin-embedded tissues: recommendations on fixatives for long-term storage and prospective studies.

The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification methods has afforded molecular studies of fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples and other archival material. Some fixation methods damage DNA, and thus deleteriously affect subsequent PCR analysis. This study addressed the effect of short- and long-term storage (2 hr to 30 days) in a variety of fixatives (10% buffered-neutral formalin [BNF], 95% ethanol, acetone, and OmniFix) before paraffin embedding. We tested the ability of prepared tissue sections to yield DNA amplification products ranging from 268 to 1327 bp. Results indicated that tissues fixed for 8 days in BNF were able to amplify 536-bp but very little 989-bp DNA fragments; after 30 days of BNF fixation only a 268-bp fragment was amplifiable. Samples fixed in OmniFix and acetone yielded products of 989 and 1327 bp, respectively, after 8 days of fixation; both fixatives yielded 989-bp amplification products after 30 days of fixation. Tissues fixed in 95% ethanol for up to 30 days efficiently produced DNA amplification fragments of up to 1327 bp in length. The results provide important information for prospective studies that involve PCR analysis from archival material. Furthermore, fixation and long-term storage in ethanol should prove particularly useful in remote areas where refrigeration or immediate sample-processing is unavailable.

DNA↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection among cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center.

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To investigate risk factors for HPV detection apart from the correlated risk factors for cervical neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in 357 cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center. Cervical swab samples were obtained for HPV DNA detection and typing using a PCR-based DNA amplification system. Possible determinants of cervical HPV were examined including age, ethnicity, history of sexually transmitted disease, oral contraceptive use, smoking, age at first intercourse, lifetime number of sex partners, marital status, and history of pregnancy. RESULTS: A 44.3% overall prevalence of cervical HPV was observed. On univariate analysis, factors associated with increasing HPV prevalence included higher lifetime number of sex partners and single marital status. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, we found that HPV prevalence increased with higher lifetime number of sexual partners. CONCLUSION: These findings, along with those from the companion reports in this issue of the journal, support the sexual route of transmission of the virus.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a PCR-based method.

The presence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) was determined at cervical and vulvar sites using two methods, the Food and Drug Administration-approved ViraPap test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technology, in 467 women presenting to a university health service for a routine annual gynecologic examination. The PCR system afforded the sensitive detection of a broad spectrum of genital HPV types. Using PCR, we found that 46% of the study population was infected with HPV; the ViraPap test showed a prevalence of 11% infected. PCR analyses demonstrated that 69% of the HPV-positive women were infected at both genital sites. Subsequent HPV-type determination showed that 33% of the study population had HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, or other previously isolated types, and 13% had yet unidentified types. Almost all (92%) of the women diagnosed by Papanicolaou smear with condylomatous atypia or dysplasia (n = 12) were HPV positive. The PCR method proved to be an informative and rapid way to detect HPV in large numbers of clinical samples. Our results demonstrate that genital HPV infection is common among sexually active young women.

Adult↗