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Biomedical subjects

C E Mogensen

Publications and source records attributed to C E Mogensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Early functional and morphologic vascular renal consequences of the diabetic state.

Renal hyperfunction and hypertrophy are characteristic findings in the early diabetic state, both in diabetes mellitus and in experimental diabetes. A number of structure-function relationships and their likely mechanisms are discussed. The metabolically induced hypertrophy of glomerular capillaries possibly plays a central role. Its cause is not known, but recent results on its time-course emphasize the probable long-term consequences of the irreversibility of the accumulation of basement membrane material.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1979

Microvascular permeability to albumin and glomerular filtration rate in diabetic and normal children.

In order to examine the permeability of microvessels in diabetic children, the glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin, intravascular mass of albumin, and transcapillary escape rate of albumin were studied in 26 diabetic children without clinical signs of microangiopathy (age: 7-14 years; duration of disease: 3-14 years). Similar measurements were made in 28 healthy school children (age: 8-14 years). Mean glomerular filtration rate in the diabetic children was higher than in the normal children (138 versus 109 ml/min per 1.73 m2, p less than 0.01). Urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not differ in diabetics. Mean intravascular albumin mass in the diabetic girls (1.64 g/kg body weight) was lower (p less than 0.01) than in the diabetic boys (1.89 g/kg body weight) and also lower (p less than 0.02) than in the normal girls (1.94 g/kg body weight). Mean transcapillary escape rate of albumin in the twenty diabetics with duration of diabetes less than 10 years (7.14%/h) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that in normal children (8.90%/h); the escape rate showed a positive correlation with duration of diabetes (r=0.47; p less than 0.02). Thus glomerular filtration rate in diabetic children is elevated to the same extent as in adult short-term juvenile diabetics while the permeability of the glomerular membrane to macromolecules is normal. Interpretation of the results on intravascular albumin mass and transcapillary escape rate of albumin requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Kidney function in acromegaly.

Creatinine clearance and daily urinary albumin and beta2-microglobulin excretion rates (radio-immunoassays) were measured several times in 14 patients with acromegaly. Eleven patients were treated with bromocriptine, 5 to 55 mg/day. The activity of the disease was assessed by measuring urinary growth hormone excretion (radio-immunoassay). In agreement with previous investigations we found the creatinine clearance elevated. However, no correlation was found between this variable and urinary growth hormone excretion. Urinary albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates were not significantly different from our previous results in 27 adults control subjects. There was no correlation between urinary growth hormone excretion and urinary albumin or beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates. Bromocriptine treatment reduced urinary growth hormone excretion from 220 to 91 ng/24 hours, p less than 0.01, but no significant alterations were induced in the above mentioned kidney function variables.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1979

The renal handling of amylase in normal man.

The renal glomerular and tubular transport rate of amylase was studied by measuring the urinary excretion of this protein before and during inhibition of tubular protein reabsorption by lysine. The excretion of amylase was compared with the excretion of albumin, beta-2 microglobulin and free light chains of immunoglobulins. This investigation showed that amylase is reabsorbed by the tubular cells, but only to a very modest degree compared with the reabsorption of the other three proteins. In the case of amylase only about 45% of the filtered molecules are reabsorbed, whereas more than 90% of the filtered amount of the other molecules is reabsorbed by the tubular cells. The excretion of amylase rose after lysine injection only by a factor 1.8, whereas excretion rose by a factor 28 for albumin, 1,500 for beta-2 microglobulin, 16 for kappa chains and 8 for lambda chains. Minimal values for tubular reabsorption were found to be 5.5 +/- (SD) 4.3 U/min for amylase, 174.0 +/- 35.7 micrograms/min for albumin, 90.5 +/- 14.4 micrograms/min for beta-2-microglobulin, 70.4 +/- 17.4 micrograms/min for kappa chains and 24.2 +/- 9.2 micrograms/min for lambda chains.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Postprandial serum creatinine increase in normal subjects after eating cooked meat.

Ingestion of meals containing cooked meat caused a marked postprandial increase in serum creatinine concentration, whereas ingestion of raw meat had no effect on serum creatinine. A peak mean value was seen 3 hours after the start of meals. No change in creatinine clearance was observed. Analysis of serum creatinine by conventional autoanalyser and by an ion exchange method ('true creatinine") showed a high degree of correlation, making a possible effect of non-creatinine chromogens unlikely. It was shown that creatinine is produced from creatine when meat is boiled.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The acute effect of insulin on renal haemodynamics and protein excretion in diabetics.

The effect of IV injection of 7 to 8 I. U. of insulin on renal haemodynamics and on urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and of albumin was examined in 5 juvenile diabetics. Plasma glucose decreased from a mean value of 250 mg/100 ml to 117 mg/100 ml during the first 85 min after insulin. None of the patients had symptoms of hypoglycaemia and plasma adrenaline did not increase. There was no change in arterial blood pressure after insulin whereas pulse rate increased from 66/min to a maximum of 75/min. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were decreased by 9 per cent and 13 per cent, respectively, during the first 90 min after insulin (2 p less than 0.01). There was also a statistically significant decrease in urine flow and urine secretion of several electrolytes, while filtration fraction remained almost constant. IV insulin decreased urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and increased albumin excretion (2 p less than 0.05). The albumin excretion induced by insulin is most likely due to increased amounts of filtered albumin, the mechanism of which remains unexplained.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Urinary excretion of albumin beta2-microglobulin and free light chains during lithium treatment.

Albumin, beta2-microglobulin and free light chains were determined in urine in nine manic-depressive patients before and at intervals during three months of lithium treatment (longitudinal study). The same determinations were carried out in twenty-seven manic-depressive patients who had been treated with lithium for 3 months to 20 years and also in a control group (transversal study). There were no statistically significant changes in urinary excretions of albumin, beta2-microglobulin and free light chains during the longitudinal study. In one patient albumin excretion gradually increased during the study and remained elevated on reexamination 1 year later. No significant differences were found between the lithium treated patients and control subjects in the transversal study in either albumin, beta2-microglobulin or free light chain excretion. It is not clear whether the increased and sustained albumin excretion in one of the patients was due to lithium or was conincidental. The study shows that in most patients lithium treatment does not affect renal protein excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Kidney function in normal man during short-term growth hormone infusion.

Kidney function was studied in 9 normal males before and during a 2 h growth hormone (GH) infusion of 50 ng/kg/min. The following variables were measured during each 20 min clearance period: glomerular filtration rate, GFR, effective renal plasma flow, RPF (steady state infusion technique with urinary collections using [125I]iothalamate and [131I]iodohippurate), and urinary albumin and beta2-microglobulin excretion rates (radioimmunoassays). The GH infusion resulted in a 10-fold increase in plasma GH concentration. All the above mentioned variables remained practically unchanged during the infusion except for a small (-5%) but significant decrease in renal plasma flow (P less than 0.01). Our negative results contrast to the findings of increased GFR and RPF during prolonged GH administration and suggest that GH requires several hours or days for its renal effects to become manifest.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effect of short-term glucagon infusion on kidney function in normal man.

Kidney function was studied in six normal males before and during a 2 h glucagon (10 ng/kg/min) infusion. The following variables were determined during each 20 min clearance period; glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma-flow (RPF) , filtration fraction (FF), urinary albumin and beta2-microglobulin-excretion rates. Glucagon infusion resulted in a fourfold increase in plasma glucagon concentration. The infusion induced a significant increase in GFR (+9%), FF (+9%) and urinary beta2-microglobulin excretion rate (+32%), (p less than 0.01). RPF and urinary albumin excretion rates were not significantly changed. We suggest that glucagon may contribute to the reversible kidney function alterations typically found in poorly regulated juvenile diabetes, a state with relative or absolute hyperglucagonaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on renal tubular protein reabsorption: partial and near complete inhibition by certain amino acids.

Urinary excretion of albumin, free light chains of immunoglobulins and beta-2-microglobulin was measured after injection of certain amino acids and derivatives. Substances with a positively charged group located terminally in the molecule (ornithine, lysine, arginine, and the almost not metabolized epsilon-amino-caproic acid, and Cyclocaprone) proved to inhibit instantaneously the tubular protein reabsorption. Lysine is the most effective molecule tested. We hypothesize that the initial event in the normal tubular protein reabsorption is a binding between a free positive amino- or guanidino-group in the protein molecule and a negative site on the tubular cell surface. In an attempt to achieve complete inhibition of tubular protein reabsorption, large doses of lysine were injected intravenously. The maximal protein clearance rose from the exceedingly low baseline excretion to values probably representing near complete inhibition of protein reabsorption. The minimal value of albumin concentration in the glomerular filtrate was calculated to 2.6 mg/l.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the mechanism of renal tubular protein reabsorption.

Amino acids and derivatives were injected intravenously in normal man and the effect on the urinary excretion of albumin, free light chains and beta-2-microglobulin determined. From the results we hypothesise that the initial event in normal protein reabsorption is binding between a free positive amino- or guanidino-group of the protein molecule and a negative site on the tubular cell surface. This initial event in the reabsorption process is impeded by molecules containing similar charged groups (arginine, ornithine, lysine, EACA and Cyclocaprone). Using high doses of lysine, complete or near-complete inhibition of tubular protein reabsorption is obtained. The glomerular filtration rate in preliminary experiments is found to be of the order of 300 microgram/min for albumin.

Albumins↗