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Biomedical subjects

C E Pinheiro

Publications and source records attributed to C E Pinheiro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Aids as underlying and associated causes of death, State of S. Paulo, Brazil, 1998].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the Aids mortality according to its underlying and associated causes of death in the State of S. Paulo in 1998. METHODS: Mortality and population data for 1998 were obtained from the State Data Analysis System Department (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados - Seade). Causes of death were coded according to the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. RESULTS: Aids was the underlying cause in 4,619 deaths, corresponding to the 10th leading cause of death (2.0%) and a mortality rate of 13.1/100,000 population. Male/female death ratio and rate ratios were respectively 2.4 and 2.5. Aids was the second leading cause of death among men aged 20--34 and women aged 25--34 years. Median age at death for women (34.1+/-12.2 years old) was lower than men (36.4+/-10.7 years old) - p<0,001. The main associated causes of Aids deaths were respiratory insufficiency (36.1%), pneumonia (27.0%), tuberculosis (19.6%), septicemia (18.6%), toxoplasmosis (12.2%), P. carinii pneumonia (8.3%) and cachexia (7.9%). Aids was an associated cause of death in additional 84 cases. The main underlying causes of these deaths were malignant neoplasms (28/84), conditions secondary to alcohol abuse (23/84) and diabetes mellitus (7/84). The median age at death due to Aids as an underlying cause (35.7+/-11.2 years old) was lower than the age at death with Aids as an associated cause (39.9+/-11.8 years old - p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple causes of death allow to track part of the Aids natural history and provide additional data to develop adequate and specific preventive actions.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Comparative evaluation of underlying causes of death processed by the Automated Classification of Medical Entities and the Underlying Cause of Death Selection Systems.

INTRODUCTION: The correct identification of the underlying cause of death and its precise assignment to a code from the International Classification of Diseases are important issues to achieve accurate and universally comparable mortality statistics. These factors, among other ones, led to the development of computer software programs in order to automatically identify the underlying cause of death. OBJECTIVE: This work was conceived to compare the underlying causes of death processed respectively by the Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME) and the "Sistema de Seleção de Causa Básica de Morte" (SCB) programs. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The comparative evaluation of the underlying causes of death processed respectively by ACME and SCB systems was performed using the input data file for the ACME system that included deaths which occurred in the State of S. Paulo from June to December 1993, totalling 129,104 records of the corresponding death certificates. The differences between underlying causes selected by ACME and SCB systems verified in the month of June, when considered as SCB errors, were used to correct and improve SCB processing logic and its decision tables. RESULTS: The processing of the underlying causes of death by the ACME and SCB systems resulted in 3,278 differences, that were analysed and ascribed to lack of answer to dialogue boxes during processing, to deaths due to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease for which there was no specific provision in any of the systems, to coding and/or keying errors and to actual problems. The detailed analysis of these latter disclosed that the majority of the underlying causes of death processed by the SCB system were correct and that different interpretations were given to the mortality coding rules by each system, that some particular problems could not be explained with the available documentation and that a smaller proportion of problems were identified as SCB errors. CONCLUSION: These results, disclosing a very low and insignificant number of actual problems, guarantees the use of the version of the SCB system for the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and assures the continuity of the work which is being undertaken for the Tenth Revision version.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1995

[The use of the microcomputer in selecting the basic cause of death].

The article begins with a discussion of some mortality statistics issues, problems encountered in the manual selection of underlying cause of death, and also the increasing need for information on associated causes. These circumstances led the National Center for Health Statistics to develop the computerized ACME System, which has been in use in São Paulo State since 1983. The ACME System's requirement of a mainframe computer, as well as other operational limitations, has prevented its installation throughout the country. In order to standardize and improve the quality of mortality data in Brazil, the Informatics Department of the Ministry of Health's National Health Foundation and the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for the Classification of Diseases in Portuguese developed the microcomputer-based Underlying Cause Selection System (SCB) in 1993. This is an expert system that employs artificial intelligence techniques to reproduce the reasoning of a coder in selecting the underlying cause of death, according to the rules and provisions of the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The SCB has a very user-friendly interface, occupies 2.6 megabytes of hard disk space, and can run on any 386 or higher XT or AT computer. In addition to selecting the underlying cause of death, the system stores data on associated conditions.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1985

GM1 gangliosidosis: clinical and laboratory findings in eight families.

GM1 Gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder due to deficiency of the lysosome enzyme beta-galactosidase, with consequent tissue accumulation of glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and especially GM1 ganglioside. In the present paper we report the clinical and laboratory findings obtained for eight families starting from eight index cases exhibiting the childhood form of the disease. The total number of cases in these families may be as high as 14, thus causing GM1 gangliosidosis to be the inborn metabolic error most frequently diagnosed in our service. Hypotonia, neuromotor retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, macrocephaly, and hydrocele are some of the most frequent clinical findings. The disease evolves towards convulsions and bronchopneumonia, leading to patient death generally during the first half of the second year of life. The presence of vacuolated lymphocytes, alterations of the lumbar vertebrae, and cherry spots on the retina were observed in almost all patients. When tested for inborn metabolic errors, all patients gave normal results, a fact that may have confused and delayed diagnosis. Diagnosis was made by urine oligosaccharide chromatography and confirmed by beta-galactoside measurement in peripheral blood leukocytes. This method proved to be accurate also for the detection of heterozygotes, which permitted post-mortem diagnosis in two families. The authors speculate that increased fetal loss and tendency towards macrosomy may be possible characteristics of the disease, suggest that testing for vacuolated lymphocytes be used as a screening method, and propose that urine oligosaccharide chromatography be included in the routine screening for inborn metabolic errors.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Umbilical cord cortisol and prolactin levels in preterm infants. Relation to labor and delivery.

The influence of labor and route of delivery upon the umbilical cord serum levels of cortisol and prolactin in ninety-nine preterm infants not exposed prenatally to corticosteroids was studied. Vaginally born infants (group A) presented a higher mean cord cortisol concentration than those delivered by cesarean section (group B); mean prolactin values, however, were not different between both groups. Although there was no difference in cortisol and prolactin levels between infants delivered by cesarean section after spontaneous onset of labor (group B-I) and those without labor (group B-II), the mean cortisol concentration was significantly higher in group A than in group B-I. The mean prolactin levels did not differ among all the studied groups. It is concluded that there is no association between presence of labor or route of delivery and cord serum levels of prolactin, there is no association between spontaneous preterm labor and cord cortisol values and there is an association between vaginal delivery and high cord cortisol levels in preterm infants. It is suggested that the increase in serum cortisol levels does not precede the initiation of preterm parturition but it is secondary to the stress caused by vaginal delivery.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1981

Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 2.

A pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 was detected in eight members of a family ascertained via a proband with congenital jejunal atresia born of consanguineous parents. The latter affection was also present in one of his sibs. Microdensitometric analysis of the patterns of G bands of the inverted segment revealed a balanced rearrangement with unusual break points in p12 and q36; the association with the disease is apparently coincidental.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on formation and metabolism of human dental plaque].

In this work, the Cepacol (cetylpyridinium chlorid) diluted 1:2, when used for mouthwashes three time a day decreased the "in situ" formation of human dental plaque, however it didn't decreased neither the plaque fermentation, nor the IEP synthesis by the plaque. When the Cepacol was used for treating the "in vitro" dental plaque in both 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions, decreased the fermentation and the IEP synthesis of the "in vitro" plaque.

Cetylpyridinium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro effect of inhibitors on the activity of glucosyltransferase, isolated from human dental plaque.

The enzyme glucosyltransferase plays an important role in plaque formation and growth. Therefore, chemical inhibition of glucosyltransferase may become an effective method for plaque control. In this investigation we have evaluated the effects of some antiplaque substances (chlorhexidine, cetylpiridinium chloride, iodine, sodium fluoride and sodium dodecyl sulfate) on glucosyltransferase activity. Our results revealed that iodine was the most effective inhibitor. Based on in vitro glucosyltransferase inhibition we may suggest that topical iodine could be an auxiliary method for plaque control.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simplified method for the partial purification and enzyme assay of glucosyltransferase from human dental plaque.

A simplified method for the partial purification and enzyme assay of glucosyltransferase from human dental plaque is described. The enzyme obtained has a reasonable specific activity for the assay of soluble and insoluble polysaccharides synthesis. This method may be useful for nonacquainted people with enzymological methods and of great utility in the in vitro evaluation of antiplaque substances.

Biological Assay↗