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Biomedical subjects

C E Richardson

Publications and source records attributed to C E Richardson.

17 recordsLinked to original sources

University-state hospital collaboration in an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program.

From 1981 until present the Department of Psychology of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has collaborated with the Lincoln Regional Center, a state hospital, on an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation project. The University provides clinical psychology services under contract, including direct clinical services and consultation on program development. The project includes a 40-bed inpatient treatment unit, which represents a clinical training and research site for University faculty and graduate students. Program evaluation data indicate the collaboration has produced a cost-effective state-of-the-art treatment program, now considered a model for psychiatric rehabilitation services across the state. The collaboration played a key role in securing two major grants, one for specialty training for clinical psychologists in schizophrenia and psychiatric rehabilitation, one for a treatment outcome study. Facilitating factors in the project include convergence of the collaborators' professional and research interests with national and state mental health policy. Obstacles include hospital administrative policies which fail to recognize or appreciate requirements for program management and accountability, and unwillingness to recognize program leadership from nonmedical professionals.

Academies and Institutes

The investigation of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible by near infrared spectroscopy.

The results of near infrared spectroscopy in eight patients with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible are presented. These suggest that sites of osteoradionecrosis may be marked by decreased amounts of deoxygenated haemoglobin. The advantages and potential of near infrared spectroscopy are discussed but the technique requires further refinement.

Adult

Development of the Dental Health Assessment Profile.

Few instruments for assessing dental health knowledge, beliefs, and practices of young adolescents are available in the professional literature. In this study, a dental health profile to facilitate direct assessment of dental health knowledge, beliefs, and practices was developed. The 30-item Dental Health Assessment Profile had adequate content validity, readability, and test-retest reliability with junior high students.

Adolescent

Quantitation of cerebral blood volume in human infants by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Current methods for measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) in newborn infants are unsatisfactory. A new method is described in which the effect of a small change (5-10%) in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) on cerebral oxyhemoglobin [HbO2] and deoxyhemoglobin [Hb] concentration is observed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Previous experiments in which the NIR absorption characteristics of HbO2 and Hb and the pathlength of NIR light through the brain were defined allowed changes in [HbO2] and [Hb] to be quantified from the Beer-Lambert law. It is shown here that CBV can then be derived from the expression CBV = (delta[HbO2] - delta[Hb])/(2. delta SaO2.H.R.), where H is the large vessel total hemoglobin concentration and R to the cerebral-to-large vessel hematocrit ratio. Observations on 12 newborn infants with normal brains, born at 25-40 wk of gestation and aged 10-240 h, gave a mean value for CBV of 2.22 +/- 0.40 (SD) ml/100 g, whereas mean CBV was significantly higher 3.00 +/- 1.04 ml/100 g in 10 infants with brain injury born at 24 to 42 wk of gestation and aged 4-168 h (P less than 0.05).

Blood Volume

Relationship between the P300 auditory event-related potential and automated psychometric tests.

Event-related potentials particularly the P3 component have been noted to be abnormal in illnesses affecting cognitive processes, such as dementia. The relationship between the P3 latency and objective tests of mental function in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia has been studied. A significant correlation was demonstrated between P3 latency and automated psychometric tests in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Aged

Physical studies of lanthanide binding to concanavalin A.

The binding of lanthanide ions to concanavalin A has been studied using circular dichroic, magnetic circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopies. A Scatchard analysis of the fluorescence enhancement of Tb3+ binding reveal the presence of two classes of sites. One strong binding site (S3) is present per protomer which is not affected by addition of transition metals or calcium. There are at least three additional weak binding sites per protomer, one of which may be S1. There is virtually no energy transfer from Tb3+ to Co2+ in cobalt-substituted concanavalin A. The S3 site, therefore, must be at least 39 A distant from S1. The circular dichroic spectrum of Co2+ concanavalin A is altered by addition of Gd3+ in a manner consistent with competition for S1. The magnetic circular dichroic spectrum of Pr3+ bound to concanavalin A is not affected by excess Ca2+ or the addition of specific carbohydrate effectors. There is no evidence for lanthanide ion binding to S2.

Concanavalin A

Height and personality characteristics of 47, XYY males in a sample of tall non-institutionalized males.

A sample of 471 enlisted men 183 cm or taller serving in the US Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps was screened for Y-chromosome aneuploidy by use of quinacrine fluorescence of peripheral blood smears. Two 47,XYY males were detected, resulting in a prevalence of 00425 or approximately 1 in 236. The prevalence of 47,XYY males (00331) in a number of samples of tall, non-institutionalized males is significantly higher than the incidence in newborn males (00061), indicating that 47,XYY males are disproportionately represented in tall male populations. The 47,XYY males had significantly higher scores than 46,XY males on the Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia+1K, and Prejudice scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and significantly lower scores on the Dominance scale. Since the probability that a randomly selected pair of subjects in the sample had four or more scale scores significantly different from the remainder of the group was greater than 05, it is possible that the differences between the 47,XYY and 46,XY males occurred by chance. On the other hand, one or more of these scales may measure personality dimensions on which non-institutionalized 47,XYY males may, in fact, differ from 46,XY males.

Adolescent

Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding organ and tissue donation and transplantation.

The acute shortage of human organs and tissues for transplantation has been attributed in part to health professionals, including nurses, for their reluctance to recognize and refer suitable candidates for donation. In 1988, nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding organ and tissue donation and transplantation were assessed using a 70-item questionnaire. Respondents included 1,683 nurses employed in 62 rural and urban hospitals in the Midwest. Only 365 respondents (21.7 percent) reported having requested tissue donations and 243 (14.4 percent) reported having requested organ donations. However, of those who requested tissue or organ donations, 270 (74 percent) obtained consents for tissues and 150 (61.7 percent) obtained consent for organ donations. Respondents were knowledgeable about organ and tissue donation (mean score of 7.5 on a 0 to 10 knowledge scale with 10 as highest) and reported attitudes and beliefs were moderately positive. Factors that were significantly correlated with the number of requests made for organs and tissues and the number of consents obtained included nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about donation; nurses' perception of their own confidence in their ability to request tissues and organs; being a supervisor; and working in an emergency department.

Adult

Clinical cheating and moral development.

Clinical cheating is one of the most devastating ways students can breach moral principles, and its prevention should be a priority for nurse educators. Educators can promote the professional integrity of students by integrating moral development into all curricular efforts.

Curriculum