Biomedical subjects

C E Stokes

Publications and source records attributed to C E Stokes.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1988

Rapid diagnosis of influenza A and B by 24-h fluorescent focus assays.

Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against type-specific antigens of influenza A and B viruses have been shown to be useful diagnostic reagents for the detection of influenza viruses by immunofluorescence testing of nasopharyngeal cells. We have developed fluorescent focus assays utilizing these antibodies in cell culture chamber slides and shell vials for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A and B. Chamber slide assays were compared with virus isolation in 160 specimens from 135 patients with symptoms of influenza. Virus isolation was compared with immunofluorescence testing in 38 of the 160 specimens. Compared with virus isolation, 24-h cell culture chamber slide assays had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 96%. Immunofluorescence testing of nasopharyngeal cells was only 38% sensitive and 91% specific. Shell vial assays were compared with virus isolation for 89 specimens. At 16 to 18 h postinoculation, the shell vial assay was 84% sensitive and 100% specific. We conclude that both chamber slide and shell vial assays are rapid, sensitive, and specific techniques for the diagnosis of influenza.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Reduced phosphoinositide concentrations in anterior temporal cortex of Alzheimer-diseased brains.

Samples of brain anterior temporal cortex from 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 18 age-matched controls have been analysed for myo-inositol and the three phosphoinositides. There was significantly less phosphatidylinositol in the Alzheimer samples (1.36 mumol/g wet weight) than in the controls (2.28 mumol/g). The concentrations of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate were also lower in Alzheimer cortex, but differences from the control group were not statistically significant. Free myo-inositol concentrations were 5.11 mumol/g (Alzheimer) and 4.44 mumol/g (control) and again the difference was not significant. The lack of phosphoinositides in Alzheimer temporal cortex may impair receptor function.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Comparative sensitivity of 125I-protein A and enzyme-conjugated antibodies for detection of immunoblotted proteins.

Immunoblotting is a powerful technique for the detection of small amounts of immunologically interesting proteins in unpurified preparations. Iodinated protein A (PA) has been widely used as a second antibody for detection of proteins; however, it does not bind equally well to immunoglobulins from different species nor does it bind to all subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We compared the sensitivity of [125I]PA with those of both horseradish peroxidase-conjugated second antibodies (HRP) and glucose oxidase-anti-glucose oxidase (GAG) soluble complexes for visualizing bovine serum albumin, human IgG, or human C3 which was either dot blotted or electroblotted to nitrocellulose. [125I]PA was uniformly 10- to 100-fold less sensitive than either HRP or GAG. GAG was more sensitive than HRP except for C3 (electroblotting) and bovine serum albumin and IgG (dot blotting), in which they were equivalent. In general, dot blotting was 10- to 1,000-fold more sensitive than electroblotting. Although relative sensitivities varied depending on the proteins analyzed and the antisera used, GAG appeared to be superior to [125I]PA and HRP for detection of immunoblotted proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Free and total lipid myo-inositol concentrations decrease with age in human brain.

An active transport system maintains myo-inositol in the brain at a much higher concentration than in the blood. Free and total lipid inositol has been analysed in samples of normal human anterior temporal cortex of different ages. At age 20 the concentration of inositol was 60 mumols/g protein, and it fell steadily to half that concentration at age 90. There was a similar fall with age in the total inositol lipid concentration.

Adult↗