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Biomedical subjects

C E Tanner

Publications and source records attributed to C E Tanner.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and cat ownership in Nova Scotia.

In this survey, 998 children and adolescents between 7 months and 17 years of age who attended a hospital diagnostic center in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, for routine evaluation were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibody. The 5.2% prevalence rate of antibody for children living in the outlying rural areas was significantly higher than the 1.1% rate among the urban children (P = .0006). Seroprevalence increased with age for both rural and urban children. Cat ownership was associated with antibodies to Toxoplasma among rural children but not urban children. Rural children who lived in a house with more than one cat were two times more likely to be infected than children who had one cat and three times more likely to be infected than children with no cats. The geometric mean titer was also significantly higher among the rural children with more than one cat, 1:152, than rural children with one or no cats, 1:63 (P = .02). In light of these findings for children and adolescents, the association of Toxoplasma infection with cat ownership needs to be thoroughly evaluated among pregnant women in rural areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Protection of cotton rats against experimental Echinococcus multilocularis infections with BCG cell walls.

Previous works has indicated that cotton rats treated with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG are effectively protected against an infection with the metastatically proliferating metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis. In an attempt to induce a similar protection in the absence of tubercular granulomatous lesions, cotton rats were treated with BCG cell walls. A single injection of 150 micrograms of cell walls, emulsified in mineral oil-Tween-saline, 2 weeks before the inoculation of the parasite completely protected the animals against infection with E. multilocularis. This protection was correlated with an increase in the numbers of monocytes and, as judged by acid phosphatase activity, an activation of these cells. This study shows that BCG cell walls are as effective in protecting animals against E. multilocularis as the viable organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunoprophylaxis with BCG of experimental Echinococcus multilocularis infections.

Previous studies have demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with BCG protects cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) against experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis; this treatment can, however, induce granulomatous reactions. In an attempt to identify a minimum prophylactic dose of BCG which would not induce granulomas, cotton rats were treated intraperitoneally with various doses of BCG (10(1) to 10(7) colony-forming units [CFU]) and then inoculated intraperitoneally with one brood capsule of the parasite. Consistent and complete protection was obtained by the inoculation of as few as 10(3) CFU of BCG. A dose of 10(1) CFU gave no protection whatsoever, and 10(2) CFU gave only partial protection. Doses larger than 10(3) (10(5), 10(7) CFU) also afforded complete protection but gave rise to granulomatous lesions. At the time of the inoculation of the parasite, protection coincided with a general elevation of leukocytes, especially cells of the monocyte/macrophage series. It is proposed that these results support evidence for the macrophage being the principal potential effector cell in hydatid disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Host serum proteins in Echinococcus multilocularis: complement activation via the classical pathway.

The presence of host serum proteins, including IgG and IgM, within the cyst membranes and on the surface of protoscoleces of Echinococcus multilocularis was demonstrated by the use of HRPO-conjugated purified antisera. Viable protoscoleces incubated either in EDTA- or EGTA-fresh human sera were not lysed; the addition of calcium restored the protoscolecidal activity of the EGTA serum. It is concluded that the complement-mediated lysis of this metazoan organism proceeds via the classical pathway of complement activation. The results are discussed in relation to the ability of this parasite to survive in the immunologically hostile environment of the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Leucoagglutination and cytotoxicity of the serum of infected mice and of extracts of Trichinella spiralis larvae and the capacity of infected mouse sera to prolong skin allografts.

The sera of mice infected with the nematode Trichinella spiralis agglutinate and kill homologous lymphoid cells in vitro. The agglutinating activity is present in the sera of infected animals on the 7th day following inoculation with the parasite, rises to a maximum on the 30th day of the infection and then decreases. The leucoagglutinating titre of these sera is related neither to the level of the inoculating dose of parasites nor to the intensity of muscle infection. The agglutinating and leucotoxic activity of the sera of infected mice is probably due to the same factor(s), but target cells require sensitization before cytotoxicity becomes apparent. Skin allografts were prolonged in infected animals or in animals treated with the serum of infected animals. Saline extracts of T. spiralis larvae also have leucoagglutinating and leucotoxic activity.

Agglutination Tests↗