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C E Young

Publications and source records attributed to C E Young.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Spontaneous rat bite fever in non-human primates: a review of two cases.

Rat bite fever is a worldwide zoonotic, non-reportable disease. This entity encompasses similar, yet distinct, disease syndromes caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus. Naturally occurring rat bite fever has not been previously described in non-human primates. This report describes two cases of non-human primate rat bite fever caused by S. moniliformis; a rhesus macaque (Macaca mullata) with valvular endocarditis, and a titi monkey (Callicebus sp.) with septic arthritis. Potential sources of infection included direct contact, and ingestion of surface water or feed contaminated with rodent feces.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Altered immunoreactivity of complexin protein in prefrontal cortex in severe mental illness.

Recent imaging and postmortem studies suggest that impaired connectivity is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major affective disorders. We investigated the presynaptic proteins complexin (Cx) I and Cx II in postmortem prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia (n = 13; six suicide, seven nonsuicide), major depression (n= 11, all suicide) and controls (n = 11) with an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Overall analysis indicated a significant difference between groups (F = 3.93, P = 0.007). Cx I (enriched in inhibitory terminals) was decreased 33% in schizophrenia (26% in schizophrenia/nonsuicide, 42% in schizophrenia/suicide) and 27% in major depression. Cx II (enriched in excitatory terminals) was not significantly different. Analysis of the ratio of Cx II/Cx I was carried out as an indication of the balance of excitatory to inhibitory terminals. A significant difference between groups (ANOVA, F = 6.42, P = 0.005) was observed. The mean value of Cx II/Cx I was significantly increased by 34% in schizophrenia (26% in schizophrenia/nonsuicide and 43% in schizophrenia/suicide) and by 32% in depression compared with control (Student-Newman-Keuls test, P = 0.05). Immunoreactivities of the two complexins were highly correlated in all groups. However, compared with controls and depression, samples from cases with schizophrenia appeared to have relatively less Cx I for similar amounts of Cx II. Immunocytochemical studies of rat frontal cortex after 3 weeks treatment with chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine or haloperidol revealed no differences in complexins, synaptophysin, SNAP-25, syntaxin or VAMP in comparison with animals treated with vehicle. Alterations of complexins may contribute to the molecular substrate for abnormalities of neural connectivity in severe mental disorders.

Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
PubMed1997

Seroprevalence of GB virus C and persistence of RNA and antibody.

Exposure to GB virus C (GBV-C) was determined in several U.S. populations by both reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to mammalian cell-expressed GBV-C envelope protein, E2 (GBV-C E2). Most individuals exposed to GBV-C were either RNA positive/ELISA negative or ELISA positive/RNA negative. Exposure, therefore, was measured as the sum of GBV-C RNA positive and GBV-C E2 antibody positive specimens, and was higher in commercial plasmapheresis donors (40.5%) than in volunteer blood donors (5.5%). In intravenous drug users (IVDUs), GBV-C exposure was 89.2%. Serial bleed specimens tested for GBV-C RNA indicate that some patients remain viremic for at least 3 years and fail to produce detectable antibodies to GBV-C E2. In other exposed individuals who tested negative for GBV-C RNA, antibodies to E2 appear to be similarly long-lived (greater than 3 years) with a fairly constant titer (ranging in reciprocal endpoint dilution from 336 to 21,504). Since the detection of GBV-C RNA and GBV-C E2 antibody are mutually exclusive in most exposed individuals, studies pertaining to incidence and prevalence of GBV-C infection require both antibody and nucleic acid detection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

FDI numbering.

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Dental Records↗
PubMed1994

Transformational leadership: the feminist connection in postmodern organizations.

The article describes the changes occurring in the world and organizations and argues that the contemporary theory of transformational leadership can provide guidance for nursing leaders, who are predominantly women. Transformational leadership is defined and described. The feminist literature is briefly reviewed. A comparison of the attributes of women, who are constructed knowers, and those of transformational leaders is made, including the web of inclusion, caring, moral responsibility, reciprocity and cooperation, integration of voices, intuition, and hierarchic and patriarchal paradigms. It is argued that a new way of leading and new organizational structures are emerging that will provide a favorable environment for female leaders.

Commerce↗
PubMed1991

Metabolism of lipoidal derivatives of estradiol-17-beta in human mammary cancer tissue and cell lines.

Estradiol-17 beta (E2) is converted exclusively to intracellular metabolites, termed lipoidal estrogens [long chain fatty acid 17 beta-esters (E2-L)], by human mammary cancer tissue and cell lines. In order to further evaluate the biological role of lipoidal estrogens, rates of saturation of the estrogen receptor (ER) along with formation of [3H]E2-L have been measured in human mammary cancer cells exposed to 5 nM [3H]E2. Extensive specific binding of E2 to ER in MCF-7 cells (approximately 37%) and ZR-75-1 cells (approximately 62%) occurred before appreciable synthesis of E2-L was evident and the maximum level of E2-L attained was only 3-9% of the E2 specifically bound to ER. In these ER positive cell lines, and in the ER negative cell line MDA-MB-231, an initial rise in the rate of E2-L formation was followed by a decrease at approximately 6 min and re-establishment of a new rate, indicating turnover of the E2-L fraction by esterification-de-esterification reactions. This data does not support the concept that E2-L acts in the transport of E2 to nuclear receptors, but rather than liberation of E2 from E2-L could serve to maintain occupancy of ER necessary for initiation of DNA synthesis. The esterase, as studied in pooled human mammary cancer tissue, was found to hydrolyse E2-17 beta-long chain fatty acid esters at different rates--the enzyme being less active towards E2-17 beta-stearate compared to E2-17 beta-oleate, -linoleate and -linolenate. Esterase activity was significantly higher in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MCF-7 cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with E2 did not alter the specific activity of the esterase towards E2-17 beta-oleate as substrate. Similarly, addition of dibutyryl c-AMP to ZR-75-1 cell cultures was without effect on E2-L, both during the time when E2-L was accumulating, or during a subsequent phase when E2-L was decreasing following transfer to medium lacking E2. Calcitonin, which increases endogenous c-AMP in MCF-7 cells, had no effect on E2-L in this latter phase using this cell line. Thus, no evidence could be provided that the esterase was under E2 control, or control by polypeptide hormones which utilize c-AMP as a second messenger.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Formation of glucuronides of estradiol-17 beta by human mammary cancer cells.

The formation of glucuronides of estradiol-17 beta by human mammary cancer cell lines is reported for the first time. When incubated with [3H]estradiol-17 beta (1 nM) for 16 h, ZR-75-1 and T47-D cells formed estradiol-3-glucuronide and estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide in approximately equal proportions, whereas MCF-7 cells formed E2-3-glucuronide only. Yields of monoglucuronides from MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells were 0.35 pmol/mg DNA, which represented 20-26% of the yield of estradiol-monosulphates. A HPLC system capable of separating most estradiol monosulphates, monoglucuronides and mixed conjugates, is described.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Natural networks: help-giving and help-seeking in two rural communities.

A group of 213 respondents in rural communities were interviewed about their help-giving and help-seeking behaviors related to 11 problems of living. Respondents were asked whom they had talked to within their natural community networks, who was most helpful, and how effective they rated the helping. The results indicate that over 80% of the respondents saw themselves as active help-givers and receivers in exchanges with spouses, friends, relatives, and others. A wide range of helping activities were reported, led by attempts to understand another person's situation and feelings and just listening. Differences in help-giving and help-seeking were noted. Respondents indicated a general willingness to tackle problems, a preference for help from people within their networks, and that this type of help is effective.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Uteroglobin mRNA and levels of nuclear progesterone receptor in endometrium.

To investigate the mechanism of induction of uteroglobin by progesterone, the relationship between uteroglobin mRNA (mRNAug) activity and nuclear progesterone receptor levels has been examined in rabbit endometrium during early pregnancy. mRNAug activity was assessed by translation in vitro of poly A-rich endometrial RNA and immunoprecipitation of the synthesized peptides using anti-uteroglobin antibodies. Progesterone receptor was determined in purified endometrial nuclei by Scatchard analysis of the specific binding of 3H-R5020 under exchange conditions. mRNAug activity reached a peak on Day 4 of pregnancy and declined thereafter up to Day 8. Nuclear progesterone receptor levels showed a slight rise on Day 2, then returned to baseline levels. When mRNAug activity was high, progesterone receptor levels had declined. A cause-and-effect relationship between nuclear progesterone receptors and specific mRNA or protein synthesis remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Uteroglobin mRNA activity and levels of nuclear progesterone receptor in endometrium.

To investigate the mechanism of induction of uteroglobin by progesterone, the relationship between uteroglobin mRNA (mRNAUG) activity and nuclear progesterone receptor levels has been examined in rabbit endometrium during early pregnancy. mRNAUG activity was assessed by translation in vitro poly A-rich endometrial RNA and immunoprecipitation of the synthesized peptides using anti-uteroglobin antibodies. Progesterone receptor was determined in purified endometrial nuclei by Scatchard analysis of the specific binding of 3H-R5020 under exchange conditions. mRNAUG activity reached a peak on Day 4 of pregnancy and declined thereafter up to Day 8. Nuclear progesterone receptor levels were uniformly low through this period, except for a slight rise on Day 2. When mRNAUG activity was high, progesterone receptor levels were low. A cause-and-effect relationship between nuclear progesterone receptors and specific mRNA or protein synthesis remains to be established.

Animals↗