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Biomedical subjects

C Edlund

Publications and source records attributed to C Edlund.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison to gentamicin in the treatment of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats.

A reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to stimulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. Pre-operatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of pefloxacin alone and in combination with metronidazole with the combination gentamicin and metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Seventy per cent of the untreated animals died within two days. Within three days 40% of the animals receiving pefloxacin died. Animals treated with pefloxacin plus metronidazole or gentamicin plus metronidazole had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination of pefloxacin and metronidazole seems to be as successful as gentamicin plus metronidazole in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile.

The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin against 99 Bacteroides fragilis strains and 105 Clostridium difficile strains were determined by the agar dilution method. Ofloxacin was the most potent agent. The MIC for 90% of the B. fragilis and C. difficile strains was 8 mg/l. Ciprofloxacin had MIC90's of 16 mg/l for B. fragilis and C. difficile. The MIC90's of pefloxacin against B. fragilis and C. difficile were 32 mg/l. 90% of the B. fragilis strains were inhibited by 32 mg/l enoxacin, while the MIC90's of enoxacin as well as of norfloxacin against C. difficile were 64 mg/l. The lowest activity against B. fragilis was obtained with norfloxacin (MIC90's of 128 mg/l). Since serum levels of these agents are reported to be between 1 and 3 mg/l after orally administered doses, B. fragilis and C. difficile should be regarded as insusceptible to these quinolone compounds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Separation of dolichol and dolichyl-P in microsomal and lysosomal compartments of hepatocytes.

The distribution, labeling and interrelationship of microsomal and lysosomal dolichol and dolichyl-P in rat liver was investigated. After membrane induction with phenobarbital, N-nitrosodiethylamine and diethylhexylphthalate, the amount of microsomal and lysosomal dolichols are modulated independently. Liposomal labeled dolichol injected into the portal vein appears only in lysosomes and even after 8 days is still limited to the lysosomes. After in vivo labeling with [3H]mevalonate, high initial labeling of dolichol and dolichyl-P is present in microsomes and the labeling in microsomes is greater than that in lysosomes even after 8 h. The results demonstrate compartmentalization of the intracellular dolichols in hepatocytes. These lipids may have independent roles at different membrane locations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of newly synthesized DT-diaphorase in rat liver.

The distribution, synthesis, transport, and glycosylation of rat-liver DT-diaphorase has been investigated. The enzyme could be isolated using specific antibodies, mainly from the soluble supernatant but also from microsomal vesicles, Golgi membranes, and mitochondria. 40% of the microsomal enzyme was located in the lumen or on the interior side of the membrane, the rest remaining as an integral non-extractable part of the membrane. Synthesis of DT-diaphorase takes place on both free and bound ribosomes, although it was found to be transported in a sequential manner from the rough to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and also subsequently to the mitochondria. The rough and smooth microsomal DT-diaphorase contains covalently bound carbohydrate, but no sugar moiety could be detected bound to the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Synthesis of membrane glycoproteins.

Glycoprotein synthesis is a central function of the endoplasmic reticulum and dolichol phosphates play an important role in the establishment of the core part of the oligosaccharide chain. Dolichol metabolism requires the cooperative action of several intracellular organelles and disturbance in the metabolism is one of the factors behind changes in glycosylation reactions during chemical carcinogenesis. The glycoproteins synthesized in the endoplasmic membranes also appear to enter to the cytoplasm for further transport to various intracellular membranes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ceftibuten on the normal intestinal microflora.

14 healthy volunteers were given 400 mg ceftibuten orally once daily for ten days. Stool specimens were collected before, during and after ceftibuten administration. Ceftibuten was well absorbed; on average 123 mg was excreted in urine 0-6 h after dosing, while only two volunteers had detectable concentrations of ceftibuten in faeces (< or = 3.2 mg/kg). There was an overgrowth of enterococci during the administration period, while the numbers of Escherichia coli and anaerobic cocci were reduced. Six volunteers were colonized by Clostridium difficile during days 4 to 17. Beta-lactamase activity was detected in faecal samples from eight volunteers and increased significantly during the administration period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative effects of cefadroxil and phenoxymethylpenicillin on the normal oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora.

The ecological effects on the commensal microflora in saliva and stool samples were studied during administration of two commonly used antibiotics: cefadroxil 500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days and phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 10 days. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the study. In the oropharyngeal microflora the aerobic microflora was significantly suppressed during administration of cefadroxil while no significant changes were noticed in the anaerobic microflora. Administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin caused a strong decrease in the number of viridans streptococci and an overgrowth of Neisseria cocci. The total numbers of anaerobic oropharyngeal microorganisms were suppressed during phenoxymethylpenicillin administration. In the intestinal microflora the variation in numbers of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms was minor in both groups. The microflora became normalised 2 weeks after withdrawal of the drugs. It was concluded that peroral administration of cefadroxil to healthy volunteers resulted in minor ecological disturbances in the oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora, which were in the same range as for phenoxymethylpenicillin.

Adult↗