Management. Neighbourhood networks.
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Communication↗
Biomedical subjects
C Edwards
Publications and source records attributed to C Edwards.
Radiation protection for dental professionals.
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Adolescent↗
The Crib-O-Gram in the NICU: an evaluation based on brain stem electric response audiometry.
This study evaluated the Crib-O-Gram as a screening test for hearing loss in NICU infants using Brain Stem Electric Response Audiometry (BERA) as the standard. Two Crib-O-Gram tests were administered to 280 babies within 48 hours of BERA testing. An additional 26 babies received BERA and one Crib-O-Gram test. Correlation coefficients for the two Crib-O-Gram scalar scores were calculated separately for a group of preterm (31 to 37 weeks) and a group of full term and older (38 to 54 weeks) infants, with values of 0.36 and 0.52, respectively. This indicates that the Crib-O-Gram has poor reliability for a screening test, particularly for preterm babies. Approximately one-third of babies with normal BERA thresholds failed Crib-O-Gram screening. The identification of hearing loss by Crib-O-Gram increased with the severity of the loss. Crib-O-Gram was able to identify moderately severe hearing losses in full term and older babies.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Social support in smoking cessation among black women in Chicago public housing.
To accomplish significant reductions in smoking by the year 2000, special populations with relatively low rates of smoking cessation must be reached and helped to quit smoking. These populations are most often groups in which traditional approaches to smoking cessation have not been successful. Focus groups were conducted with black women who were residents of Chicago public housing developments. The purposes were to assess factors related to smoking and the women's willingness to participate in cessation programs. The findings reveal several barriers to smoking cessation. These barriers are linked to the difficult daily existence and environment of these women and to a lack of social support that would help them to achieve smoking cessation. The barriers include (a) managing their lives in highly stressful environments, (b) major isolation within these environments, (c) smoking as a pleasure attainable with very limited financial resources, (d) perceived minimal health risks of smoking, (e) commonality of smoking in their communities, (f) scarcity of information about the process of cessation available to them, and (g) belief that all they need is the determination to quit on their own. The women emphasized that smoking cessation would be more relevant to them if part of broader social support efforts geared to improve their lives. The public health system may need to consider such strategies to engage this group of women.
Black or African American↗
Effect of subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injectate volume on drug efficacy, site complications, and client comfort.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of administering 1.6 ml (480 mcg) of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in one subcutaneous injection or two injections of 0.8 ml each. DESIGN: Experimental. SETTING: 27-bed bone marrow transplant intensive care unit of a metropolitan, university medical center in the southwestern United States. SAMPLE: Nonprobability; 76 women who received high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer followed by hemopoietic rescue. METHODS: Subjects were randomized into an experimental group that received one injection per 480 mcg dose and a control group that received two injections per 480 mcg dose administered by research associates using a standardized injection technique. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Injectate volume. The number of days post-transplant until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) returned to 1,000/mm3, the incidence and surface area in mm2 of site complications, and scores on Tursky's Quantified Pain Descriptor immediately following the injection(s). FINDINGS: No significant difference existed between the two groups in ANC recovery time, frequency or size of site complications, or intensity, reaction, or sensation of discomfort reported. CONCLUSIONS: Administering 1.6 ml doses of G-CSF in one injection instead of two does not result in slower ANC recovery, induration, more frequent or larger bruises or areas of erythema, or greater client discomfort. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Administering one injection instead of two may decrease patients' anxiety, the nursing time needed for preparation and administration of injections, patient instruction for self-administration, the potential for contamination of vials or loss of dose, and the cost of supplies.
Adult↗