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Biomedical subjects

C Eloit

Publications and source records attributed to C Eloit.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Exploration of olfactory difficulties].

Sense-of-smell disorders are a frequent occurrence at ORL clinics. The clinical exploration must include a thorough and comprehensive interview to discover the etiology. The clinical examination is easily performed using cold-light endoscopes, which can reveal anatomical or mucous membrane pathologies, even in far- situated anatomical parts. The access to olfactometric examinations is limited by the small number of health centers which have the proper equipment and trained staff. Guided by the initial interview and clinical exploration, the diagnosis of smell disorder can benefit from the conclusive and factual contribution of the CAT scan and MRI.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2001

Breast adenocarcinoma complicating Kallmann's syndrome.

Carcinoma of the breast is relatively rare among men, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies. An increased risk has been associated with benign breast diseases, such as gynecomastia, Klinefelter's syndrome, testicular disorders, exogenous estrogen use, radiation, or a family history of male or female breast cancer. To date, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism has never been associated with male breast cancer. We report here the first case of breast cancer coexisting with Kallmann's syndrome in a 66-year-old man.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[How to manage allergic rhinitis in current practice].

The allergic rhinitis is a very frequent condition. Its consequences are probably underestimated because of the large number of self-medicated patients. The clinical history is often telling. Etiological diagnosis is based on cutaneous Prick-Tests, which have a high sensibility and specificity-rate and which can be easily applied to young children. The treatment relies on the use of oral anti-histamines and local steroid sprays, for a period of time covering the exposure to allergens. In all the cases, the avoidance of the allergen constitutes the decisive element to determine the efficiency of the treatment. The starting up of a treatment prevents the outbreak of complications or enables to decrease their strength. Specific immunotherapy may be considered according to the last OMS consensus statement.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2000

The vomeronasal cavity in adult humans.

We observed the surface of the anterior part of the nasal septum of living subjects using an endoscope. In approximately 13% of 1842 patients without pathology of the septum, the vomeronasal pit was clearly observed on each side of the septum, and in 26% it was observed only on one side. The remaining observations indicated either the presence of putative pits or no visible evidence of a pit. However, repetitive observations on 764 subjects depicted changes over time, from nothing visible to well-defined pits and vice versa. Based on 130 subjects observed at least four times, we estimate that approximately 73% of the population exhibits at least one clearly defined pit on some days. By computer tomography, the vomeronasal cavities were located at the base of the most anterior part of the nasal septum. Histological studies indicated that the vomeronasal cavities consisted of a pit generally connected to a duct extending in a posterior direction under the nasal mucosa. Many glands were present around the duct, which contained mucus. There was no sign of the pumping elements found in other mammalian species. Most cells in the vomeronasal epithelium expressed keratin, a protein not expressed by olfactory neurons. Vomeronasal epithelial cells were not stained by an antibody against the olfactory marker protein, a protein expressed in vomeronasal receptor neurons of other mammals. Moreover, an antibody against protein S100, expressed in Schwann cells, failed to reveal the existence of vomeronasal nerve bundles that would indicate a neural connection with the brain. Positive staining was obtained with the same antibodies on specimens of human olfactory epithelium. The lack of neurons and vomeronasal nerve bundles, together with the results of other studies, suggests that the vomeronasal epithelium, unlike in other mammals, is not a sensory organ in adult humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The vomeronasal organ--a rediscovered sensory organ].

The authors review the function and anatomy of the vomeronasal organ (organ of Jacobson), a chemosensory organ situated in the nose. In mammals, stimulation of the vomeronasal organ induces sexual behaviour and changes the hormonal status of males and females. Impairment of the vomeronasal organ in rats disrupts both the females' ultrasound calling during oestrus and their maternal behaviour. Stimulation of the vomeronasal organ promotes sexual maturation of juvenile females and induces abortion and production of pheromones. Earlier on, the vomeronasal organ in man was believed to be present only at the foetal stage; in 1991 its presence was reestablished in adults. Electrophysiological studies show that the vomeronasal organ of man is stimulated by steroids found in human skin. The physiological properties of the receptor cells of the vomeronasal organ are different from those of the olfactory organ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: useful screening of food sensitization.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a well-defined entity as described by Sheffer and Austen. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis can be associated with ingestion of a specific food. We report our experience with a series of cases of exercise-induced anaphylaxis in which anaphylaxis was considered to be associated with food allergy. METHODS: We observed 19 patients in whom severe systemic signs of anaphylaxis occurred during or immediately after exercise, while the severity of reactions excluded challenge testing. The causal relationship with various foods was systematically investigated in all cases, even in the absence of any history of allergy. RESULTS: Sensitization to wheat flour was demonstrated in 12 patients, to peanut in seven, and to tree nuts in six cases with skin tests and/or RAST. Sensitivity to various other foods was found less often. Further, avoidance of specific foods according to results of skin tests and RAST was systematically observed during the five hours prior to exercise and no symptom occurred, suggesting a role of specific food intake in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced anaphylaxis. With such elimination diets, most of these young patients were able to engage in regular vigorous exercises (more than twice a week in some cases) without any clinical manifestation with a median followup of 2 years. In two patients, however, recurrence of exercise-induced anaphylaxis was subsequently explained by concomitant ingestion of other foods such as rice and peanut. Additional avoidance of these foods before exercise was then effective in 14 cases (median follow up: 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: Investigations to detect food sensitization, in particular to wheat, peanut and/or tree nuts, and specific avoidance of these foods five hours before exercise appear essential in cases of exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A new clinical olfactory test to quantify olfactory deficiencies.

We have recently developed a computer-assisted olfactory test to measure detection thresholds for five pure odorants. The reference group consisted of 30 subjects without olfactory complaints. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify a statistical criterion for determining olfactory deficiencies. This criterion was applied to 54 subjects suspected to have an olfactory deficiency, either on the basis of their subjective complaints or on clinical examinations (e.g. scanner radiography, endoscopic investigations, rhinomanometric measurements). Nine aetiological groups were screened: trauma, nasal polyposis, nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, post-influenza, post-anaesthesia, endocrine dysfunction, hereditary hyposmia, and subjective olfactory loss without a clear aetiology. In each group, this method allowed us to discriminate between deficient and non-deficient patients, and the olfactory deficit could be quantified. This rapid procedure was well-accepted by all subjects and gave reproducible quantitative results. It can provide useful information about the relationship between olfactory acuity and a given aetiologic category.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Anterior rhinomanometry and intranasal challenge tests. Technique and results in 270 cases. Usefulness for the aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis (author's transl)].

Nasal response to a large number of stimuli is almost invariably the same, with sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea and nasal obstruction constituting the three major conventional symptoms of the so-called vasomotor (autonomic) rhinitis. These symptoms are not specific to allergic reactions but can be seen in viral infections, sudden changes in temperature, inhalation of irritant fumes or of certain smells. The aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis therefore is sometimes very difficult but seems to be greatly facilitated by intranasal challenge tests associated with anterior rhinomanometry.

Allergens↗