Biomedical subjects
C Endo
Publications and source records attributed to C Endo.
[The role of the rehabilitation nurse in the USA].
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Endocrinological and biophysical responses to further reduction in oxygenation following sustained hypoxemia in fetal goats.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine fetal endocrinological and biophysical responses to the further reduction in oxygenation following prolonged nonacidemic hypoxemia in fetal goats. METHODS: Seven further hypoxic experiments were performed after prolonged (24-h) nonacidemic hypoxemia, caused by an infusion of nitrogen into the maternal trachea and by reducing uterine arterial blood flow in four chronically instrumented goat fetuses at 123-131 days' gestation. We measured arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and catecholamines as endocrinological parameters. Fetal heart rate, fetal blood pressure, and fetal breathing movement were observed as biophysical parameters. RESULTS: Fetal arterial pO2 was significantly decreased from 27.0 +/- 1.2 mmHg (control) to 18.0 +/- 0.7 mmHg and 11.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg at the end of the prolonged hypoxemia and the further hypoxia, respectively. The further hypoxia induced reductions in fetal heart rate, increases in fetal blood pressure, and a series of gasping. Arginine vasopressin and catecholamines were elevated significantly by the further hypoxia. Although adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol were increasingly elevated, they did not reach a significant level. CONCLUSIONS: Some specific fetal responses-excessive elevations of fetal catecholamines, arginine vasopressin, accompanied with fetal gasping-were observed during further severe hypoxia.
Physiological functions of the ascending spinal tracts in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM).
Physiological functions of the spinothalamic tract (STT) and the posterior column (PC) were studied in 19 Japanese patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). The former was evaluated by pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation, and the latter by conventional SEPs following electrical stimulation. Conduction velocity of STT and PC was significantly decreased in 9 and 14 patients, respectively, and more than half of them showed no clinical impairment of sensations (subclinical abnormality).
Time-dependent increases in syndecan-1 and fibroglycan messenger RNA expression in the infarct zone after experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats.
BACKGROUND: Syndecan-1 and fibroglycan, heparan sulphate proteoglycans, play important roles in extracellular matrix formation via their biological functions. OBJECTIVE: To examine experimentally the sequential changes in syndecan-1 and fibroglycan messenger RNA (mRNA) expression after acute myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left coronary arteries of male Sprague-Dawley rats were ligated and the hearts were excised on days 1-14, 28 and 42. Syndecan-1 and fibroglycan mRNA expression in the infarct and non-infarct zones and in sham-operated hearts was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Amplified products were quantified by densitometry of the electrophoresed bands stained with ethidium bromide and standardized relative to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase or beta-actin mRNA expression. Northern hybridization was also performed in the infarct and non-infarct zones on day 3. RESULTS: Expression both of syndecan-1 and of fibroglycan mRNA began to increase on day 2. The expression attained maximum levels on day 3. The maximum levels of syndecan-1 and fibroglycan expression were, respectively, sevenfold and fivefold the preligation level and the level in the sham-operated hearts. The levels remained elevated until day 14, whereupon they declined gradually, returning to the control levels by around day 42. Northern blotting also demonstrated that there was an increased expression both of syndecan-1 and of fibroglycan mRNA in the infarct compared with that in the non-infarct zone on day 3. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that there are sequential increases in the expression both of syndecan-1 and of fibroglycan mRNA in the infarct zone after experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats, suggesting that these proteoglycans play some role in the pathological course of infarction.
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis shortly after administration of methimazole for hyperthyroidism.
We report a case of myasthenia gravis (MG) which became worse shortly after the administration of methimazole (MMI) for hyperthyroidism. The activation of immune responses was found during the worsening of MG. The findings suggests the possibility that the worsening of MG might be induced by MMI, presumably by its immunomodulatory property.
Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 proteins in carcinogenesis of squamous cell lung cancer.
BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is regulated by many genes, including bcl-2, p53, and bcl-2 family genes. The expression of Bcl-2, p53, and Bax in very early lung cancers or precancer lesions is not been fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of these proteins was examined immunohistochemically in 11 normal bronchial epithelia, 23 dysplasias, and 40 roentgenographically occult squamous cell lung cancers (ROCs). RESULTS: The expression of the Bcl-2 and p53 protein increased along with the advance of the morphological atypia in bronchial epithelial cells, whereas no difference in the Bax expression. The patients with Bcl-2 positive ROCs had a better prognosis than those with Bcl-2 negative ROCs. CONCLUSIONS: Bcl-2 and p53 proteins play important roles in early steps of carcinogenesis in squamous cell lung cancer of central type. The Bcl-2 protein could be a prognostic marker in ROCs.
Immunohistochemical study on tumor angiogenic factors in non-small cell lung cancer.
BACKGROUND: In order to elucidate the roles of tumor angiogenesis in lung carcinogenesis, the expressions of several angiogenic factors in lung carcinoma tissues were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue specimens from 112 cases of resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were studied. The expressions of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined immunohistochemically. Microvessel density (MVD) was also evaluated. RESULTS: VEGF-positive cases were observed more frequently in advanced stage lung cancers than in early cancers, and VEGF-positive tumors had higher MVD than VEGF-negative tumors, while such differences were not observed for PD-ECGF. In squamous cell carcinoma, the patients with high-MVD tumor had significantly worse survival than those with low-MVD tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis of lung cancers, while the contribution of PD-ECGF may be limited.
A study of the use of a double tourniquet technique to obtain hemostasis in combination with local standby sedation during podiatric surgery.
Most surgeons believe that incorporation of a pneumatic thigh tourniquet requires concomitant use of general anesthesia to prevent the patient from experiencing intolerable discomfort. These authors explored use of pneumatic thigh tourniquets in combination with local standby sedation by conducting a two-part study. A group of nonsedated student volunteers was first studied, after applying pneumatic thigh tourniquets. They expressed an average time to pain tolerance of 31.5 min. This was followed by a study of sedated patients in the operating room, where the average time to pain tolerance was 45.3 min. The manuscript further characterized the thigh tourniquet pain experience. Guidelines are discussed to maximize the patient's pain tolerance, while maintaining effective hemostasis throughout the surgical procedure.
Localization of double, roentgenographically occult lung cancer. Cytologic findings from selective brushing of all segmental and subsegmental bronchi.
Using selective brushing of all segmental and subsegmental bronchi, six patients were diagnosed as having synchronous, double, roentgenographically occult lung cancers. Experienced bronchoscopists failed to detect four "second cancer" lesions in six patients. The appearance of atypical cells as shown by cytologic examination indicated the probability of the presence of cancer in the examined bronchus. Single cancer cells or tiny clusters of cells with orangeophilic cytoplasm can appear in specimens obtained from all bronchi, and such cells should not be considered to have originated in the bronchi under examination. Medium-sized or large clusters of cancer cells without degeneration and with basophilic cytoplasm appear only in specimens obtained from bronchi in which a cancer lesion exists, and thus they should be considered to have originated in the bronchi under examination. Cancer cells with orangeophilic cytoplasm in clusters should be considered to have originated in unknown locations. To determine the origin of such cells, one must compare the specimens with those obtained from other segmental and subsegmental bronchi. Our findings suggest that selective brushing of all segmental and subsegmental bronchi is a useful method of detecting unrecognizable second cancers and that the method should be employed for all patients with positive sputum cytology.
Diagnostic value of differential brushing of all branches of the bronchi in patients with sputum positive or suspected positive for lung cancer.
In roentgenographically occult lung cancer, it is often difficult to determine the location of the tumor despite the existence of cancer. This complicates diagnosis and points to a need for a more systematic method of examination. Differential brushing was performed on all the respective segmental bronchi in both lungs of 196 patients with positive or suspected positive indications of lung cancer as revealed by sputum cytology. Fifty-nine borderline lesions in 43 cases and 107 lung cancer lesions in 95 cases were diagnosed. Localization was possible in 70.4% of the cases. The diagnosis of borderline lesions was also possible. At the first examination, the rate of localization, as compared with that in the historical control group, improved from 64.1% to 95.8%, and, in particular, an improvement from 0% to 86.2% was noted in those cases in which abnormal bronchoscopic findings were not observed. Concurrent multiple primary cancer was also diagnosed in 12.6% of lung cancer cases before treatment. With this method, cytologic findings in sputum and in specimens obtained by brushing and histologic findings of resected lung can be compared in an integrated manner, and henceforth more accurate diagnostic criteria can be established.
Cytology of a fetal immature teratoma: intrauterine aspiration for prenatal diagnosis.
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