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Biomedical subjects

C Evers

Publications and source records attributed to C Evers.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Empower children to develop healthful eating habits.

Controlling a child's eating habits is counterproductive. By allowing children to make decisions about what and how much to eat, parents empower children to self-regulate their eating. The parent's role is to offer a variety of healthful foods, oversee the planning and assembly of meals, and set the schedule for meals and snacks. The child's responsibility is to decide what, how much, and even whether to eat.

Child↗
PubMed1994

A randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in the management of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: From 1979 to 1984, 356 eligible patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma no longer amenable to therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, or progestins were treated with doxorubicin alone or doxorubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) with or without cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks for eight drug courses. All patients had received prior therapy with progestins with subsequent progression of disease. No patients had received prior therapy with cytotoxic drugs. Of 356 patients, 300 had measurable disease. RESULTS: Among 132 patients treated with doxorubicin alone, there were seven complete responses (5%), 22 partial responses (17%), 73 with stable disease (55%), and 30 with increasing disease within 2 months of study entry (23%). For the 144 patients who received the combination, there were 18 complete responses (13%), 25 partial responses (17%), 75 with stable disease (52%), and 26 with increasing disease (18%). The median progression-free interval for those patients who received doxorubicin alone was 3.2 months, while it was 3.9 months for those who received the combination. The median survival duration for doxorubicin patients was 6.7 months, while it was 7.3 months for the combination patients. None of the unadjusted estimates of treatment differences are statistically significant. Prognostic features that had an impact on outcome included one factor associated with an increased likelihood of response (presence of measurable lung metastases) and four features associated with a poorer survival (poor performance status [PS] of 2 or 3, high pathologic grade, and presence of liver metastases or other intraabdominal disease). If these features are taken into account in multivariate analyses, there is no statistically significant evidence for differences in response rates (relative odds of response, 1.58; P = .06, one-tailed test), and survival duration is slightly longer in the combination regimen (17% reduction in death rate; P = .048). CONCLUSION: The combination of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide thus appears to offer a small advantage over doxorubicin alone in the management of endometrial carcinoma at the expense of more frequent and severe myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Developing a critical pathway for orientation.

A direct correlation exists between job satisfaction and employee retention with an organized and compassionate orientation process for new employees on a nursing unit. It is generally recognized that preceptorship/mentoring is the most desirable orientation modality; however, situations occasionally require orientees to work with several preceptors with varying levels of proficiency. A program based upon a framework designated "critical pathway" was established in a coronary care unit and a cardiac progressive care unit to organize orientation information into weekly segments, with each week's content building upon the previous week's information. Because the critical pathway clearly delineates the orientation content, all necessary information is imparted to the orientee in an organized fashion without omitting pertinent details. Problems with orientation are documented as variances on the critical pathway, and are discussed between the preceptor and orientee during weekly evaluation sessions. This article reports the procedure for developing a critical pathway for orientation using the critical pathway concept, which is adapted from the nursing case management practice model.

Coronary Care Units↗
PubMed1992

Sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (FU) vs. FU alone in metastatic colorectal cancer. Results of a randomized multicenter trial. The Association of Medical Oncology (AIO) of the German Cancer Society.

Methotrexate (MTX) modulates 5-fluorouracil (FU) in several in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Results of phase II studies have suggested improved response rates for the sequential application of MTX and FU in colorectal cancer. In a prospective randomized multicenter study we compared sequential MTX (300 mg/m2) and FU (900 mg/m2) using a seven-hour time interval and leucovorin rescue with FU (450 mg/m2/d for five days) in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Of 172 patients randomized 159 were eligible for survival analysis and 153 for toxicity and response evaluation. Complete or partial response has been seen in 25.3% of patients receiving sequential MTX and FU and in 17.6% of those receiving FU alone (p = 0.11). There have been two long-term survivors, apparently cured by MTX/FU. Overall toxicity was more pronounced with FU alone, but sequential MTX/FU caused four toxic deaths. Median survival and survival rates at one and two years were not significantly different. It is concluded that this schedule of sequential MTX and FU is no more effective than a dose-intensive treatment with FU alone in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Separation of hepatocyte plasma membrane domains by free flow electrophoresis.

We have applied free flow electrophoresis to separate the canalicular and basolateral (sinusoidal and lateral) domains of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes. Hepatocyte plasma membranes were prepurified by rat zonal and discontinous sucrose gradient centrifugation. In electrophoretic separation, the canalicular membranes were more deflected toward the anode than the basolateral membranes. Na+-dependent taurocholate uptake could be measured in both membrane fractions, transport activity being highest in fractions containing the highest specific activity in the basolateral marker enzyme Na+-K+-ATPase. Thus, differences in electrophoretic mobility permit the separation of functional intact plasma membrane vesicles derived from basolateral and canalicular plasma membrane domains of rat hepatocyte.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation in basolateral liver plasma membranes.

ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was measured in vesicles of rat liver cell basolateral plasma membranes. Nucleotide-dependent uptake was specific for ATP and observed at pH 7.0 and 7.4/7.5 but not at pH 8.0. ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport was only observed in the presence of Mg2+. Kinetic analysis of ATP-dependent transport revealed an apparent Km in the submicromolar region. Addition of calmodulin and trifluoperazine had no effect on ATP-dependent uptake. A Ca2+-dependent, phosphorylated intermediate with the apparent molecular weight of 135,000 could be demonstrated in the basolateral plasma membranes. Phosphorylated intermediates with apparent molecular weights of 200,000 and 110,000 were demonstrated in microsomes and appeared to contaminate 'basolateral' membrane protein phosphorylation. The results suggest that a 135,000 molecular weight protein is a Ca2+-ATPase and the enzymatic expression of the liver cell basolateral membrane Ca2+ pump.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Calcium transport in plasma membrane subfractions of rat liver.

The selective demonstration of ATP dependent calcium uptake and calcium dependent phosphorylation of a 135 kD intermediate in isolated basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles suggest that the basolateral plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes contains an ATP dependent calcium transport system with an apparent molecular weight of 135,000. The failure to demonstrate ATP dependent calcium uptake in simultaneously isolated canalicular plasma membrane vesicles suggests the absence of a similar ATP dependent calcium transport system on the canalicular domain. Additional phosphoproteins of 200 and 110 kD could be assigned to microsomal contamination of the isolated plasma membrane subfractions. A canalicular specific 70 kD phosphorylated intermediate presumably does not represent a Ca++ ATPase. Calcium dependent phosphorylation of the basolateral 135 kD intermediate is maximal at physiologic pH (7.0, 7.5), when the calcium pump is active but not at pH 8.0. The 135 kD phosphoprotein has also been shown for erythrocyte Ca++ ATPase and for kidney basolateral Ca++ ATPase (De Smedt et al., 1984; Niggli et al., 1979).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Endogenous catecholamine levels in chronic heart failure. Relation to the severity of hemodynamic abnormalities.

Plasma free epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations were determined in 48, 63, and 45 patients, respectively, with overt congestive heart failure, and compared with those in 26 patients with stable angina but without heart failure. Systemic hemodynamic values were determined to assess the severity of heart failure. Arterial epinephrine levels were not different between patients with heart failure (73 +/- 92 pg/ml) and patients without heart failure (55 +/- 73 pg/ml). In patients with congestive heart failure, norepinephrine (665 +/- 510 pg/ml, mean +/- SD) and dopamine (407 +/- 405 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher than in patients with stable angina without heart failure (norepinephrine 184 +/- 136 pg/ml, p less than 0.001, and dopamine 197 +/- 259 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). However, in patients with congestive heart failure, the plasma norepinephrine levels did not correlate with cardiac index (r = 0.21, p = NS), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.11, p = NS), mean arterial pressure (r = 0.11, p = NS), or systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.18, p = NS). Similarly, there was no correlation between dopamine levels and the hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure. These findings suggest that although endogenous norepinephrine and dopamine levels are frequently elevated in patients with heart failure, reflecting enhanced sympathetic activity, catecholamine levels do not reflect the severity of heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of parathyrin on the transport properties of isolated renal brush-border vesicles.

The transport properties of brush-border membrane vesicles isolated by a calcium-precipitation method from the renal cortex of normal and parathyrin (parathyroid hormone)-treated rats were studied by a rapid-filtration technique. Parathyrin elicited a dose-dependent decrease in the Na+-dependent phosphate uptake by the brush-border membrane vesicles, but the uptake of D-glucose, Na+ and mannitol was not affected. A maximum inhibition of 30% was observed after the application of 30 U.S.P. units intramuscularly 1 h before the animals were killed. Intravenous infusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0.5-1.5 MG) also decreased the phosphate uptake by the brush-border vesicles. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and parathyrin were ineffective when added in vitro to brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from normal rats. These data suggest that parathyrin exerts its action on the phosphate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule by affecting the Na+/phosphate co-transport system in the brush-border membrane. The effects of parathyrin on Na+ and glucose transport, however, seem to be due to alterations to the driving forces for transport and not to the brush-border transport systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Properties of brush border vesicles isolated from rat kidney cortex by calcium precipitation.

Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from rat kidney cortex by differential centrifugation in the presence of 10 mM calcium. Their properties were compared to brush border vesicles isolated by free-flow electrophoresis. By the calcium precipitation method membrane vesicles were obtained in a shorter time with a similar enrichment of brush border marker enzymes (11- to 12-fold for alkaline phosphatase and maltase), with a similarly reduced activity of the marker enzyme for basal-lateral plasma membranes and an almost identical protein composition as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The transport properties of the two membrane preparations for D-glucose, L-phenylalanine, and phosphate are essentially the same; there is some indication for a lower sodium permeability of the vesicles prepared by the calcium precipitation method. The latter vesicles were also shown to exhibit sodium gradient stimulated uptake of L-glutamate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dietary phosphate on the sodium-dependent phosphate transport system located in the rat renal brush border membrane.

The effect of two parameters regulating renal phosphate excretion, namely parathyroid hormone application and dietary phosphate intake, on the transport properties of isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles was investigated. In the first set of experiments brush border membrane vesicles from young normal rats injected i.m. with 30 USP parathyroid hormone or i.v. with 1 mg dibutyryl cAMP were compared. PTH and dbcAMP injection decreased specifically the Vmax of the sodium-dependent phosphate transport system by appr. 30%. In a second set of experiments rats were kept on phosphate-rich and phosphate-poor diet and after 6-8 weeks the brush border membranes were isolated. The membranes obtained from phosphate-depleted animals showed a markedly (approximately 100%) higher initial sodium-dependent phosphate uptake than membranes isolated from animals kept on phosphate-rich diet. Again only the sodium-dependent phosphate uptake was affected, sodium-independent phosphate permeability, sodium-dependent D-glucose transport, mannitol permeability and sodium permeability remained unchanged.

Animals↗