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Biomedical subjects

C F Brown

Publications and source records attributed to C F Brown.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Characterization of pulmonary cellular influx differentials to known toxic agents between species.

In this study, we have shown that chickens, frogs, and toads are resistant to acute pulmonary injury by a variety of toxic agents, (O2, hyperbaric O2, paraquat, and silica), that cause extensive acute injury in mammals. Acute pulmonary injury is defined as a massive influx of inflammatory cells, both interstitially and into the alveolar spaces, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and the presence of H2O2 and O-2 in the lavaged supernatant, occurring within 48 h. In some cases, chronic effects of the toxins were observed after 90 h., i.e., hemorrhage, fibrosis, and an accumulation of interstitial inflammatory cells. In all three nonmammal systems, isolated inflammatory cells failed to respond chemotactically in vitro to known mammalian chemotaxins. Pulmonary lavage of the exposed chickens, frogs, and toads also failed to produce inflammatory cells. Pulmonary edema was not detected in any of the animals by comparison of lung weight to total body weight. Intratracheal injections of silica for 2 weeks did produce chronic effects in chickens and frogs. Morphologically, the lungs showed signs of fibrosis and accumulation of interstitial inflammatory cells, but no intraalveolar cells. After 90 h of hyperbaric O2, frogs exhibited a massive infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells and hemorrhage. Elevated O2 levels (100%) for 2 weeks under normal atmospheric conditions produced no changes in frog lungs or in the amount of inflammatory cells in the lungs. Intravenous injections of paraquat for up to 208 h failed to initiate an accumulation of pulmonary inflammatory cells or the development of pulmonary edema in chickens. There was also no detectable H2O2 or O-2 in the lavaged supernatant. It was not determined whether paraquat had a longer or more chronic effect on chickens. We suggest that the lack of an acute pulmonary inflammatory mechanism in chickens, frogs, and toads is in part responsible for the resistance of these animals to acute pulmonary injury by oxidizing mammalian toxins.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

No excuses: televised pornography harms children.

All youngsters are at some risk from exposure to televised pornography, as described above. At particular risk for harm, however, are the most vulnerable children in our society--children in single-parent homes, children with mental and emotional disturbances, mentally challenged children, children who have been physically and/or sexually abused, and children in dysfunctional families. Youngsters for whom television serves as a babysitter or parental surrogate unfortunately are exposed to few competing influences to television viewing. In addition, parents in such homes are least likely to know what their children are viewing and to be able to pass on their own values about sex and sexual behavior. The main possible effects of televised pornography that must concern us as clinicians, educators, and parents are modeling and imitation of language heard and behaviors observed in televised pornography; negative interference with children's normal sexual development; emotional reactions such as nightmares and feelings of anxiety, guilt, confusion, and/or shame; stimulation of premature sexual activity; development of unrealistic, misleading, and/or harmful attitudes toward sex and adult male-female relationships; and undermining of family values with resultant conflict between parents and children. Much more research is clearly needed on this topic. Because of the ethical and procedural problems surrounding research on children exposed to pornography, ideal research designs may never be possible. Nonetheless, we hope that this article will stimulate further discussion and work. To devise public policy that protects children from potentially harmful material while at the same time respecting the media's First Amendment rights, such public discourse and responsible research are essential.

Adolescent↗