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C F Burrows

Publications and source records attributed to C F Burrows.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Jejunal myoelectrical activity in the conscious neonatal pig.

The purpose of this study was to define and quantify patterns of normal jejunal myoelectrical activity in the conscious neonatal pig. Twelve 3-day-old piglets were obtained from a local herd. At 7 days of age four bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes were surgically implanted at 5 cm intervals on the jejunum. Piglets were divided into fed (n = 7) and fasted (n = 5) groups and a minimum of four daily recordings were made from each pig between 7 and 14 days of age. Slow wave and spike activity were seen in all animals. Slow waves occurred at a frequency of 17.0 +/- 0.3 cycles/min (c.p.m.) in fed and 16.8 +/- 0.2 c.p.m. in fasted piglets. Spike activity predominated, occurring in characteristic migrating myoelectrical complexes (m.m.c.s.) and occupying 79% of the recording time in fed and 73% in fasted piglets (P less than 0.05). The activity front (phase 3) of the m.m.c. recurred every 47.7 +/- 2.4 min in fed, and 50.9 +/- 2.3 min in fasted piglets. The m.m.c. periodicity in both groups was irregular, with a range of 4-145 min in fed, and 8-104 min in fasted piglets. Activity fronts lasted 4.8 +/- 0.1 min in fed and 4.4 +/- 0.1 min in fasted piglets. All piglets demonstrated intense, short (2.5-5.0 s), distinct bursts of intense spike activity (migrating action potential complexes, m.a.p.c.s.). These were rapidly conducted in an aboral direction at a velocity of 1.8 cm/s in fed, and 0.8 cm/s in fasted piglets (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the myoelectrical activity of the equine ileum infected with Strongylus vulgaris larvae.

Five weanling ponies were subjected to an intensive 6-week deworming program after which 4 Ag-AgCl bipolar electrodes were implanted surgically on the distal ileum. For 3 hours each day for 5 consecutive days, ileal myoelectrical activity was recorded from fed ponies under 3 sequential conditions: preinoculation, after oral administration of 1,000 killed Strongylus vulgaris infective larvae (3 ponies), and after oral administration of 1,000 live S vulgaris infective larvae. Recordings were analyzed for slow wave frequency, percentage duration of phases I, II, and III of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC), and the frequency of distinct, rapidly migrating action-potential complexes within phase 2 of the MMC. After administration of live and killed infected 3rd-stage larvae, there was a marked increase in the number of disrupted phase III complexes, and a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the number of migrating action-potential complexes. In addition, after inoculation of live 3rd-stage larvae, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the percentage of time that the MMC was occupied by prolonged periods devoid of spike activity (phase I). The results indicate that S vulgaris larval mucosal penetration and submucosal migration can cause changes in ileal myoelectrical activity that could cause colic, and that larval antigen alone within the lumen may disrupt ileal motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of dietary composition on gastric emptying and motility in dogs: potential involvement in acute gastric dilatation.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus is a dramatic and life-threatening disease of large-breed dogs. The cause is unknown, but ingestion of dry cereal-based food is frequently incriminated as a predisposing factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercial diets on gastric motility and emptying in the dog. Four large-breed dogs were fed 3 different diets (diet A = canned meat-based; B = cereal-based with 77% added water; and C = dry cereal-based) in a randomized block design. Each experiment was done in triplicate. Motility was assessed, using 5 AgAgCl electrodes and 2 strain gauges sutured along the serosa of the stomach and proximal duodenum. Dogs were fed at the same time each day and the time to change from the fed to the fasted pattern of gastrointestinal motility (changeover) was measured. Gastric emptying was assessed by recording gastric radioactivity. After feeding a meal mixed with 99mTc-labeled resin, the log of activity was plotted against time, and the half-time of gastric emptying (t1/2 GE) was calculated. Mean (+/- SEM) times from feeding to changeover for the 3 diets were: diet A, 9.7 +/- 0.9; B, 10.5 +/- 0.4; and C, 11.0 +/- 0.8 hours. Diet had minimal influence on the half time of gastric emptying (diet A, 2.2 +/- 0.3; B, 2.6 +/- 0.4; and C, 2.9 +/- 0.3 hours; P greater than 0.05). The data indicate that gastric motility and emptying in healthy large-breed dogs were not affected by dietary composition. Because most large dogs are fed cereal-based food for reasons of cost and ease of use, these diets may have been wrongly incriminated as a predisposing factor in gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influence of coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infection on jejunal myoelectrical activity of the neonatal pig.

Four silver-silver chloride electrodes were surgically implanted at 5-cm intervals on the jejunal serosa of 7 neonatal pigs. Daily recordings, 7 h in duration, were made from each piglet beginning 3 days after surgery. Characteristic migrating motility complexes and short, distinct (2.5-5.0 s), rapidly aboral migrating bursts of intense spike activity ("migrating action potential complexes") were seen in all preinfection recordings. Piglets were inoculated with a 1-ml oral dose of a 0.1% gut suspension from coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infected pigs. This resulted in inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea, most marked on the second day postinfection, but which had abated by the third day. When compared to recordings from both fed and fasted noninfected (control) animals, infection significantly altered jejunal myoelectrical activity by (a) shortening the duration of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and prolonging it on day 2, (b) increasing the number of abnormal activity fronts, and (c) decreasing the number of migrating action potential complexes. Slow wave frequency and the duration of phase 3 of the migrating motility complex were unaffected. When compared to fed control animals, infected piglets also showed a slight shortening of phase 1 of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and a prolongation on days 2 and 3, as well as a shortening of phase 2 on the second and third days postinfection. Changes in myoelectrical activity were not solely due to decreases in food intake, as abnormalities persisted when food intake returned to normal on postinfection day 3, and disruption of the activity front and migrating motility complex duration were purely transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-induced phenomena. These findings suggest that infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts organized propulsive activity in the jejunum of the neonatal pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Metoclopramide.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nitrosonapthol test for screening of small intestinal diarrheal disease in the dog.

The nitrosonapthol test, which qualitatively measures urinary excretion of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and related compounds, was evaluated as a screening test for small intestinal disease in 60 dogs with chronic diarrhea. Test results were positive in 8 of 13 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, in 8 of 12 dogs with small intestinal malabsorption, in 2 of 17 dogs with colitis, and in all of 14 dogs with normal gut function and in which the specific cause of diarrhea was not determined. Test results were negative in 4 dogs with functional (stress-induced) diarrhea and in 25 clinically normal dogs. Thus, the test results were positive in 30 of 39 (77%) dogs with confirmed small intestinal or pancreatic disease or in which small intestinal disease was the most likely diagnosis, and in only 2 of 21 (9.5%) dogs with large intestinal disease (P less than 0.001). In human medicine, positive test results have been associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Accordingly, antibiotics were administered orally to 8 of the dogs with diarrhea of undetermined cause. In all treated dogs, antibiotic therapy resulted in improvement in fecal consistency, decreased frequency of defecation, and a change from a positive to a less strongly positive or negative reaction to the nitrosonapthol test. These findings suggested that the nitrosonapthol test is useful in the discrimination of small intestinal from large intestinal diarrhea and as a guide to the use of oral antibiotic therapy in dogs with chronic diarrhea of undetermined cause.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of alpha-cellulose on myoelectric activity of proximal canine colon.

The relations between dietary fiber intake and myoelectric activity of the proximal canine colon were examined in four normal beagles fed four diets of varying fiber content in a randomized block design. The basal diet was a canned, meat-based product to which 3, 6, and 9% by weight of alpha-cellulose was added. Colonic motility was monitored using four bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes. Two slow-wave frequencies were observed: 1) 18.4 +/- 0.1 cycles/min (cpm) and 2) 5.6 +/- 0.03 cpm. Fiber had no effect on either frequency. Spike activity showed three distinct patterns: 1) short bursts phase locked to slow waves of the 18.4 cpm frequency, 2) short bursts phase locked to slow waves of the 5.6 cpm frequency, and 3) prolonged sequences unrelated to slow waves, lasting from 5 to greater than 60 s and grouped in distinct aborally conducted bursts that occurred at a frequency of 2.9 +/- 0.1/h (SE). Fiber had no effect on the frequency of these bursts, but as fiber intake increased there was a linear decrease in burst duration from 11.4 +/- 0.6 min for the basal diet to 8.2 +/- 0.4 min for the high-fiber diet (P less than 0.001). We conclude that luminal factors influence spike burst activity in the proximal colon, because increments of undigestible fiber reduce burst duration on a dose-related basis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inadequate skin preparation as a cause of intravenous catheter-related infection in the dog.

Eight-eight dogs admitted to the intensive care unit of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine were studied to determine the frequency of intravenous catheter-related infection. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. In group 2, the skin was scrubbed with an iodine soap before final rinsing with alcohol and tincture of iodine. After withdrawal of each catheter, its tip was examined by bacteriologic culture, and the limb was examined for signs of phlebitis. Bacteria were isolated from 24 (48.9%) catheter tips in group 1 and from 6 (15.4%) in group 2 (P less than 0.005). Phlebitis was evident in 6 dogs in group 1, and in 1 dog in group 2. One death occurred in group 1, from causes possibly associated with catheter infection. These data suggest that catheter-related infection may be wide-spread in the dog and that it can be reduced by meticulous skin preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of fiber on digestibility and transit time in dogs.

This study examines effects of variations in fiber content on nutrient assimilation, fecal output, and gastrointestinal transit time in the dog. Four normal Beagles were fed four diets in a randomized block design. The basal diet was a canned, balanced, meat-based dog food (Alpo Trio) to which added 3, 6, and 9% by weight of alpha cellulose (Solka Flok). Food intake and fecal outputs were recorded for 5-day periods. Samples of diets and fecal collections were analyzed for dry matter, nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate and ash; digestibilities were calculated. Transit times were measured by a radiographic marker technique. Fecal weight and water increased linearly; digestibility of dry matter decreased from 90 to 70% and ash from 43 to 32% with added fiber. Responses of protein, carbohydrate and fat were less pronounced but were regular; regressions of their digestibilities on added fiber were significant. Regression estimate of true digestibility for alpha-cellulose was 6%. Intestinal transit time decreased from a mean of 37.4 to 28.7 hours with added fiber. Decreased intestinal time would contribute to depression of fry matter digestibility. Increased fecal water output probably also reflected retention by fiber.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fecal fat and trypsin in dogs fed a meat-base or cereal-base diet.

Fat balance studies and quantitative analysis of fecal trypsin were done on 2 groups of Beagles fed either a meat-base (8.8% fat) or a cereal-base (10.5% fat) diet. In the amount fed, the meat-base diet provided 2.5 to 3 times more fat than the cereal-base diet, yet the mean daily fecal fat output of the 2 groups was not significantly different. Thus the percentage assimilation of fat in cereal-base diet (90.0%) was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than that in the meat-base diet (96.9%). Dietary composition made no significant difference in fecal trypsin output, although the mean output from dogs fed the meat-base diet 4 times higher than that from dogs fed the cereal-base diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Determination of fecal fat and trypsin output in the evaluation of chronic canine diarrhea.

Quantitative fat and trypsin analysis was done on the feces of dogs with chronic diarrhea. The results of clinical examination, quantitative fecal analysis, and other laboratory tests permitted assignment of the dogs into one of 4 groups: (1)pancreatic exocrine insufficiency,(2)small intestinal malabsorption,(3)colitis, and(4)other nonspecific or incompletely diagnosed diarrhea. The mean 24-hour fat output was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in dogs with malabsorption or pancreatic insufficiency than in clinically normal dogs, dogs with colitis, or dogs with nonsteatorrheic diarrheas. The mean 24-hour trypsin output with pancreatic insufficiency was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower, and in dogs with malabsorption, significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than in clinically normal dogs. Normalization of the output data for body weight enhanced the value of fat and trypsin analyses in the differentiation of pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal malabsorption from other causes of chronic canine diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Characterization and treatment of acid-base and renal defects due to urethral obstruction in cats.

In 23 cats, urinary obstruction of 24 to 48 hours' duration caused marked azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The metabolic acidosis was a consistent finding and was severe in all cats (venous pH, 7.11 +/- 0.09). Serum sodium and chloride were normal. Glycosuria was found in 17 (74%) of the cats. There was no clear difference in blood pH, serum chemical values, or electrolyte concentrations between cats obstructed 24 hours and those obstructed 48 hours or longer. At a mean of 8.4 hours after relief of obstruction, acid-base status was corrected to normal, using fluid replacement and sodium bicarbonate therapy. Blood urea nitrogen serum creatinine, and serum inorganic phosphorus improved significantly (P less than 0.01) at a mean of 19.5 hours after treatment. Variation in azotemia after fluid replacement suggested variable decreases in glomerular filtration rate after relief of obstruction. Hypokalemia occasionally developed after relief of obstruction during the postobstructive diuresis. It was concluded that fluid and electrolyte therapy must be regulated in response to the postobstructive diuresis, to ensure proper medical management.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗