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Biomedical subjects

C F Lee

Publications and source records attributed to C F Lee.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sex of previous children and intentions for further births in the United States, 1965-1976.

The research reported herein, using samples of women interviewed in the 1965 and 1970 National Fertility Studies and the 1976 National Survey of Family Growth, shows that the sex of women's previous children has an effect on their subsequent fertility intentions which differs at each parity. The persistence of that effect among women with two children in particular argues strongly for including sex of previous children as an independent variable in models of fertility intentions, since the decline in family size norms makes factors which affect the decision to have (or not have) a third child increasingly important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multistage path models of adolescent alcohol and drug use: age variations.

Conformity-commitment, which affected drinking and drug use in a sample of over 1000 teen-agers, was influenced in 13- and 14-year-olds by parents and religion, in 15- and 16-year-olds by peers and religion, and in 17- and 18-year-olds by parents, peers and religion. Religiousness also affected alcohol use directly among all three age groups and cannabis use among 15- and 16-year-olds and 17- and 18-year olds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Subnormal inhibition of active E rosette formation by isoproterenol in bronchial asthma.

Three different groups of patients were studied: group A was on active attacks of asthma with bronchodilator therapy; group B was also on active attacks of asthma but free of any treatment; and group C was of remissive asthma due to hyposensitization, and free of any other treatment. Active E rosette forming populations of all the three groups showed much less reduction by beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol as comparing to normal controls, but had equal degrees of inhibition by cAMP and theophilline to normal subjects. Dysfunction of beta-adrenergic receptors in bronchial asthma, as presented in this study, was in accordance with Szentivanyi's theory of beta-adrenergic blockage. Therapy with sympathomimetic bronchodilators might have desensitizing effect on beta-adrenergic receptors. Symptom-relieving hyposensitization could'nt restore the beta-receptor functions in asthmatic patients. The significance of beta-receptor dysfunction in bronchial asthma was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Factors related to the intention to have additional children in the United States: a reanalysis of data from the 1965 and 1970 national fertility studies.

Reproductive intentions of white mothers with no more than three children in 1965 and in 1970 were analyzed for their stability and change with respect to such factors as parity, age of the youngest child, wife's employment, and husband's education. Parity and age of the youngest child were found to have a much more important effect on the intent to have additional children than were such socioeconomic variables as wife's employment and husband's education. Parity and the interval since the latest birth (or the age of the youngest child) were found to have a nonlinear effect and to interact in affecting the reproductive intention. This suggests a convergence to a two-child family as the threshold size and that the lenght of childspacing is contingent on the parity. Change during 1965--1970 in this direction was found to be greater among mothers with husbands having college or higher educations.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Parity patterns of birth interval distribution.

A simplified model is presented for the measurement of inter-live birth interval distributions. Comparative analyses of "effective fecundability," the mean length and variation of postpartum infecundity, and the parity progression ratio based on this measurement model are presented using data from U.S. marriage cohorts and from an Indian sample. Parity differentials in these reproduction parameters are investigated, and the ramifications for fertility estimate and projection discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Conceptive delay, nonsusceptible period, and cohort fertility patterns.

A model of cohort fertility pattern by duration of marriage is built on the parameters of conceptive risk, its decline along parity, and the length of the nonsusceptible period. The model is found to fit satisfactorily a variety of cohort fertility patterns. Birth intervals by parity are then inferred from the estimated parameters. The present model is developed for comparative analyses of fertility trends and for fertility projections which take into account ongoing changes in birth intervals and completed family-size distributions which may be observed in current sample surveys.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA vaccination using the fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin type A provided protective immunity in mice.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most toxic substances known to produce severe neuromuscular paralysis. The currently used vaccine is prepared mainly from biohazardous toxins. Thus, we studied an alternative method and demonstrated that DNA immunization provided sufficient protection against botulism in a murine model. A plasmid of pBoNT/A-Hc, which encodes the fragment C gene of type A botulinum neurotoxin, was constructed and fused with an Igkappa leader sequence under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter. After 10 cycles of DNA inoculation with this plasmid, mice survived lethal doses of type A botulinum neurotoxin challenges. Immunized mice also elicited cross-protection to the challenges of type E botulinum neurotoxin. This is the first study demonstrating the potential use of DNA vaccination for botulinum neurotoxins.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a HSV specific monoclonal antibody reagent for laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection.

A new FITC-conjugated HSV specific monoclonal antibody reagent (Syva Co., Palo Alto, Ca) was evaluated for the confirmation of HSV clinical isolates. The reagent was also compared to type-specific monoclonal antibodies for the pre-CPE detection of HSV from clinical specimens in centrifugation culture and by direct examination of specimens smears by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining (DFA). HSV was isolated from 75 of 232 specimens (32%). All 75 isolates were confirmed with both the type-specific antibodies and the HSV-specific reagent. In centrifugation culture HSV was detected in 36 of 105 (34%) specimens. The HSV specific reagent detected all 36 specimens that were positive with the type-specific reagents. HSV infection was diagnosed by DFA in 31 of 50 (62%) specimen smears. The HSV-specific reagent detected all 31 positive specimens. This reagent confirmed and detected all HSV positive specimens that were positive by the type-specific monoclonal antibody reagents. The reagent contains monoclonal antibodies specific for both HSV1 and HSV2 in a single mixture, which produces a highly sensitive HSV FA staining reagent.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of MDR-1 gene by MIF and GSTpi with drug resistance generation in hormone independent prostate cancer.

The expression of MIF and GSTpi were upregulated in prostate cancer cells with mulitdrug resistant phenotype. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between these genes and multidrug resistance (mdr-1) gene in acquired multidrug resistance of prostate cancer. The expression of MIF, GSTpi and gp-170 in multidrug resistant (MDR) subline or native cells were determined using flow cytometry and western blotting. The mRNA level of various genes was analyzed with RT-PCR method. The chemosensitivity of tumor cells and stable transfectants to paclitaxel was measured using MTT (tetrazolium bromide) assay. The protein levels of MIF, GSTpi and gp-170 increased in MDR sublines of prostate cancer when compared with their parental cells. The MIF and GSTpi stable transfectants expressed higher MIF and GSTpi protein levels than their parental cells in western blotting analysis, respectively. The expression of mdr-1 gene and the production of pg-170 were also increased in either MIF or GSTpi stable transfectants when compared with vector control by using RT-PCR and flow cytometric analysis. The MTT results demonstrated that the increased chemoresistance was correlated with the increased production of gp-170 protein in either MIF or GSTpi transfectants. The upregulation of MIF and GSTpi during the development of acquired drug resistance of hormone independent prostate cancer may simultaneously and partially modulate the activation of gp-170.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro antitumor and antimicrobial activities of N-substituents of maleimide by adamantane and diamantane.

New N-1-adamantylcitraconimide (compound 1) and N-1-diamantylcitraconimide (compound 2) were synthesized by reaction of citraconic anhydride with 1-aminoadamantane, and 1-aminodiamantane, respectively, followed by imidization with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate. Compound 1, N-1-adamantylmaleimide (compound 3) and N-1-diamantylmaleimide (compound 4) exhibited strong growth-inhibitory activity against four cancer cell lines (Colo 205, Hep G2, SK-BR-3 and Molt-4). Moreover, compound 1 showed relatively specific cytotoxicity against the test tumor cell lines. Compound 2 exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Colo 205, and SK-BR-3 cells, similar to 5-fluorouracil. It was noted that compound 2 showed relatively low cytotoxicity against Molt-4 cells, approximately 42 times lower than 5-fluorouracil. The N-substituents of imides with adamantly substituents have a more potent antitumor activity than the imides with diamantyl substituents. The imides with methyl substituents (compounds 1 and 2) showed relatively higher selectivity against the tested cancer cell lines than the imides without methyl substituents (compounds 3 and 4). Compounds 3 and 4 show good in vitro activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Compound 1 had weak antimicrobial activity against T. mentagrophytes.

Adamantane↗