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Biomedical subjects

C F Lindboe

Publications and source records attributed to C F Lindboe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Neuronal degeneration in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease). Case report.

We report clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a 5-year-old girl who died of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE) after 4 weeks of illness. Autopsy revealed endothelial swelling and vacuolar degeneration of the neuropil in the brain, brain stem and cerebellum. In addition, the affected areas showed degeneration of the neurons which was different from anoxic nerve cell damage both with regard to morphological picture and topographical distribution. This neuronal degeneration was probably due to the underlying metabolic defect in SNE per se and resembled in several aspects the nerve cell changes seen in the thalami and inferior olives in active Wernicke's encephalopathy. It is our opinion that more attention should be paid to the nerve cell degeneration in SNE rather than focusing on the relative preservation of these cells.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1995

Combined perfusion and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic first-pass bolus tracking of susceptibility contrast agents (perfusion imaging) are two new magnetic resonance imaging techniques that offer the possibility of early diagnosis of stroke. The present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic information derived from these two methods in a rat model of temporary focal ischemia. METHODS: Fifteen male Wistar rats were assigned to 45 (n = 7) or 120 minutes (n = 8) of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion using the intraluminal filament technique. The diffusion-weighted images were collected, and areas of hyperintensity were compared with histologically assessed areas of ischemic injury. The magnetic resonance perfusion image series were postprocessed to produce topographic maps reflecting the maximum reduction in the signal obtained during the first passage of the contrast agent and the time delay between the arrival of the bolus and the point of maximum contrast-agent effect. RESULTS: Hyperintensity in diffusion-weighted images was demonstrated after 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and was mainly expressed in the lateral caudoputamen and parts of the lower frontoparietal cortex. Reperfusion after 45 minutes of occlusion reduced the area of hyperintensity from 24.2% to 9.9% of hemispheric area. In the group with 120 minutes of occlusion, the hyperintense area increased from 24.4% to 29.1%. Relative to the nonischemic hemisphere, the changes in the topographic maps of maximum signal reduction occurred in the lateral caudoputamen and adjacent lower neocortical areas. Increased time delay to maximum effect, however, was seen also in the upper frontoparietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperintensity in diffusion-weighted images was reversible after 45 minutes but not after 120 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Analysis of the signal-reduction and time-delay parametric maps demonstrated regions of different perfusion changes in the ischemic hemisphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for in vivo evaluation of treatment with U74389G in a rat stroke model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was performed to examine the potential of diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging and dynamic first-passage bolus tracking of susceptibility contrast agents (perfusion imaging) for early in vivo evaluation of the effects of treatment with the free radical scavenger U74389G in a rat model of temporary focal ischemia. METHODS: After 45 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion, the treatment group (n = 9) received an infusion of U74389G, and the control group (n = 9) received the identical volume of the vehicle. Reperfusion was instituted in both groups after 120 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The DW images were collected during middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion and were compared with histologically assessed areas of tissue injury after 2 hours of reperfusion. The dynamic perfusion series were processed on a pixel-to-pixel basis to produce parametric maps reflecting the maximum reduction in the signal obtained during the first passage of the contrast agent and the time delay between the arrival of the bolus and the point of maximum contrast-agent effect. RESULTS: The area of ischemic injury, as assessed from the DW imaging at 60 minutes of reperfusion, was significantly smaller in the treatment group: 9 +/- 8% of ipsilateral hemisphere compared with 19 +/- 8% in the control group. The histological examination after 2 hours of reperfusion demonstrated an area of ischemic injury of 10 +/- 8% for the treatment group compared to 25 +/- 10% in the control group. In the treatment group, the perfusion imaging showed a reduction in time delay to maximum effect of the contrast agent in the ischemic hemisphere compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The DW imaging during early reperfusion showed a protective effect of postocclusion treatment with the free radical scavenger U74389G. The improvement of time delay to maximum effect of the contrast agent observed in the perfusion imaging of the treatment group may reflect an improvement in the collateral flow to the ischemic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus. Some immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.

Hysterectomy was performed in a 64-year-old woman because of a uterine malignant tumor which extensively involved both the endometrium and the myometrium. Histological examination revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the pleomorphic-storiform type. The presence of epithelial or heterologous mesenchymal tumor components or cells of smooth muscle derivation was ruled out by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The patient developed pulmonary metastases and died six months after surgery. MFH is a rare primary tumor of the uterus, but it should be considered in cases of malignant mesenchymal tumors without heterologous elements or signs of smooth muscle derivation.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Muscle tissue for diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. Procedures of specimen taking, transport and preparation].

In this review we describe surgical methods for open muscle biopsy. In order to obtain optimal tissue quality, correct handling of the muscle specimens at all stages of the procedure is essential. A technologist who is familiar with the procedure should be present in the operating room. This is important to ensure that specimens for histochemical or biochemical studies are frozen immediately and specimens for electron microscopy are fixed without delay. We describe procedures for processing the specimens for cryostat sections, paraffin sections and electron microscopy, and a simple method for handling muscle specimens in local hospitals before transfer to a hospital with a neuropathological service.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

Immunoglobulin-containing cells in the colonic mucosa in patients with human intestinal spirochaetosis.

The relative proportions of cells containing the various classes of immunoglobulins in the colonic mucosa were determined in eight patients with human intestinal spirochaetosis (HIS) and in eight controls. All specimens were taken from colonic resections performed because of adenocarcinoma. None of the cases with HIS showed an inflammatory reaction in the mucosa as judged subjectively by light microscopy. Cases with HIS had smaller proportions of IgD- and IgE-positive cells and a larger proportion of IgA cells as compared with the controls, whereas the proportions of IgG and IgM cells were similar in the two groups. Taking into account the large individual variations in the proportions of immunoglobulins in both groups, our findings must be interpreted with caution. However, our results do not support the previous demonstration of increased percentages of IgE-positive cells in patients with HIS.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Intracranial tumors in children (under 15 years)].

Primary intracranial tumours develop in 30-35 Norwegian children each year. Of these tumours, astrocytomas are the most frequent, followed by medulloblastomas, oligoastrocytomas and ependymomas. In this article we give an overview of tumour classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intracranial tumours in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Intracranial tumors in adults (over 15 years)].

Primary intracranial tumours develop in 420 adult Norwegians each year. Of these tumours, gliomas are the most frequent, followed by meningiomas, pituitary adenomas and acoustic neurinomas. Glioblastomas represent more than 50% of the gliomas. Less than 10% of the patients with glioblastoma survive for two years, despite aggressive therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). The prognosis for low grade gliomas is much better. In the case of meningiomas, 95% of the tumours are benign. The primary treatment for meningiomas is surgery. If surgery is impossible, radiosurgery should be considered. Pituitary adenomas are often hormone-secreting (e.g. prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone). Many prolactinomas are treated with bromocriptine alone. The rest of the pituitary adenomas are treated by microsurgery and radiotherapy. The prognosis for patients with pituitary adenomas is good. Acoustic neurinomas, which in most cases are benign, are treated by microsurgery or radiosurgery. Postoperative morbidity due to cochlear nerve and facial nerve dysfunction is a problem. Brain metastases are far more frequent than primary intracranial tumours. Solitary metastases in patients with stable systemic disease should be treated by surgery or radiosurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Gastrointestinal manifestations in neurofibromatosis].

Gastrointestinal involvement in neurofibromatosis occurs in three major forms: solitary neurogenic tumours, diffuse ganglioneuromatosis and visceral vasculopathy. The entire gastrointestinal tract may be affected. According to the literature, 10-25% of the patients with neurofibromatosis develop intestinal manifestations. However, the recorded incidence is probably too low, since many cases are undiagnosed. Two cases of large plexiform neurofibromas and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis of appendix and intestine are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Human intestinal spirochaetosis in mid-Norway. A retrospective histopathological study with clinical correlations.

Among 1205 mid-Norwegian patients who underwent colorectal biopsies during 1990, 30 cases (2.5%) with human intestinal spirochaetosis (HIS) were found. In only two cases were the spirochaetes mentioned in the biopsy reports. Cases with HIS showed a 7:3 male preponderance, but the mean age did not differ from that in the whole material. The spirochaetes were slightly more frequent in the rectum than in other parts of the large bowel. There was no indication of seasonal or geographical clustering of HIS and no association with occupation, use of certain drugs or underlying diseases. Most cases had HIS as the only positive biopsy finding, but the condition was also seen in connection with adenocarcinomas, Crohn's disease, and metaplastic and granulation polyps. The predominant symptoms of patients with HIS were faecal blood, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Carcinosarcoma of prostate. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.

Carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a most uncommon disease, and only a few cases have been reported previously. We report the clinical and histopathologic findings in a seventy-three-year-old man with a prostatic carcinosarcoma. The mesenchymal component of the tumor was classified as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining methods. This is to our knowledge the first case in which the stromal component of a prostatic carcinosarcoma has been classified as MFH.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as a component of a cerebellar ganglioglioma: case report.

A 27-year old male patient underwent surgery for a cerebellar ganglioglioma in which a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma constituted the gliomatous element. Neither radiation nor chemotherapy was administered. The patient was well for 12 years and then he suffered a recurrence and underwent a gross total resection. Histological examination revealed a ganglioglioma with thrombosed blood vessels, areas of tumor necrosis, and scattered mitoses. These anaplastic changes, which were restricted to the glial component of the tumor, may herald a more aggressive clinical course. However, 11 months after the second operation, there have been no signs of tumor recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hemorrhage in a highly vascularized subependymoma of the septum pellucidum: case report.

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of loss of memory, disorientation, nausea, and urinary incontinence. Cerebral computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage affecting the corpus callosum and the septum pellucidum. A partial resection of the tumor was performed, but the patient died the next day from an episode of bleeding. Postmortem examination revealed a highly vascularized subependymoma with acute bleeding in the tumor and in the surrounding brain parenchyma. The importance of considering a highly vascularized subependymoma is noted when a tumor related to the ventricular system is diagnosed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Topographic variations in the peripheral course of the greater occipital nerve. Autopsy study with clinical correlations.

The description of the peripheral course of the greater occipital nerve (GON) varies in the literature. An autopsy study was done on 20 cases without known headache problems. These findings showed a marked variation in the relation between the GON and nuchal muscles. The trapezius muscle was penetrated by the GON in 45% of cases, the semispinal muscle of the head was penetrated in 90% of cases, and the inferior oblique muscle of head was penetrated in 7.5% of cases. Macroscopic findings of possible compression were made in 11 cases (27.5%), indicating that nerve compression per se may be of minor importance since it seems to exist in the absence of headache.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Wernicke's encephalopathy in an autopsy material obtained over a one-year period.

In a material comprising 279 consecutive autopsies obtained over a one-year period there were four cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), of which three were inactive (chronic) and one was active (acute). The latter was not related to chronic alcoholism. Our findings show that WE may be regularly present in a routine autopsy series. In only one case was WE suspected clinically and none of the cases revealed macroscopic brain changes indicative of WE. We therefore suggest that sections of the mammillary bodies should be taken routinely to detect all possible cases of WE.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Wernicke's encephalopathy in non-alcoholics. An autopsy study.

In a 5-year autopsy material constituting 6,964 autopsies, there were 52 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy of which 12 (23%) occurred in non-alcoholics. Among 18 cases with active (acute) disease, 7 cases (39%) were found in non-alcoholics. Only 4 cases of active Wernicke's disease were diagnosed clinically, all of them in alcoholics. The predominant clinical symptoms were disorientation and depressed levels of consciousness, whereas eye symptoms were recorded in only 3 cases. None of the non-alcoholics were given specific thiamine therapy, whereas some alcoholics received large doses of the vitamin as a routine procedure. However, the thiamine therapy was often instituted too late. It is concluded that active Wernicke's encephalopathy should be considered in all patients with prolonged malnutrition and that disorientation and depressed levels of consciousness may be the predominating symptoms of the disease. Even the slightest suspicion of Wernicke's encephalopathy should prompt immediate administration of large doses of thiamine parenterally.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fatal stroke in migraine: a case report with autopsy findings.

A 50-year-old woman with migraine was admitted to hospital shortly after having abruptly developed hemiparesis. CT scan revealed infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Death ensued after three days due to cerebral edema with herniation. Autopsy revealed no pathologic findings in the heart or in the extra- or intracranial arteries. It is suggested that the fatal stroke may have resulted from arterial spasm caused by ergotamine overdosage and possibly complicated by thrombosis.

Brain↗