Bovine hair as an indicator of calorie-protein status.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C F Nockels.
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Immune response potentiation by vitamin E was studied in guinea pigs with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis attenuated live-virus vaccine as the antigenic stimulus; antibodies were measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Significantly higher (P less than 0.01) HI antibody titers resulted when guinea pigs were given intramuscular injections of dl-alpha-tocopherol, 33 IU/kg of body weight, before and after immunization. The HI antibody titers to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were not increased when guinea pigs were given dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate orally. This is the first report on vitamin E humoral immune response enhancement to an attenuated live-virus vaccine.
Day-old male broiler chicks were fed a broiler ration for five weeks to which was added one of the following levels of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 0; 2,000; 4,000; 8,000; 16,000; 32,000, and 64,000 I.U./kg. The chicks fed diets containing 4,000 I.U./kg. or more of vitamin E showed decreased pigmentation in their beaks, feet and shanks, and liver as a percent of body weight was significantly increased. Feeding at least 8,000 I.U./kg of the vitamin significantly reduced chick body weight and resulted in waxy appearing feathers. Dietary inclusion of 16,000 I.U./kg. or more of vitamin E significantly increased feather, spleen, liver, and plasma vitamin E content.
The supplementation of either vitamin E (300 mg./kg. diet) or vitamin A (60,000 I.U./kg. diet) to a standard chick ration increased the protection of six week old immunized chickens against E coli infection, decreasing mortality from about 40% to 5%. The combination of the two vitamins, however, did not give as much protection as either vitamin alone. Vitamin E or A did not protect chicks from weight loss and severe morbidity due to infection, but slightly increased the rate of recovery.
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Chicks and hens raised on a diet enriched with 60 mg of vitamin E per lb. of feed had a significantly increased immune response as measured by the antibody plaque-forming cell test or by hemagglutination. Since the effect was much greater on hypoxic (simulated altitude exposed) chicks, a synergistic effect between hypoxia and vitamin E may be suggested.
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