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Biomedical subjects

C F Sum

Publications and source records attributed to C F Sum.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A study of non-toxic goitre.

A population study showed a prevalence of 2.8% for nontoxic goitres. The clinical significance of non-toxic goitres were not previously defined. This study examined 64 patients with non-toxic goitres which were classified clinically as diffuse (gp1), lobular (gp2) and nodular (gp3). They were studied in terms of thyroid antibodies, radioisotope scanning, ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology. The goitres were mainly nodular (69%), the rest were diffuse and lobular in equal numbers. Seventy percent of the nodular goitres had 1 nodule. One case of diffuse goitre and half the lobular goitres had multinodularity demonstrated on imaging. Antithyroid antibodies were detected in 20% of gp2, 7% of gp3 and none in gp1. Malignancy was found in 2% of gp2, 11% of gp3 and nil in gp1. A management strategy for non-toxic goitre was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the Asia-Pacific region.

The complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the causation of diabetes mellitus is well illustrated by the epidemiology of diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region. Among the Chinese, the prevalence of diabetes is uniformly higher among Chinese living outside China than in the Chinese in The People's Republic of China. Similarly among the Indians, the prevalence of diabetes is universally higher in those who have settled outside India than in Indians in India. In the Pacific populations, diabetes is much commoner among the Nauruans and Fiji Indians. Throughout the Asia-Pacific countries, economic progress and urbanisation have a uniformly deleterious effect on diabetes. A better understanding of the hereditary and environmental factors in the causation of diabetes is required to halt and reverse the rising prevalence of diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region.

Australia↗
PubMed1989

Restoration of spermatogenesis with pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism of traumatic etiology.

Head trauma is one of the rarest reported causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and treatment of this condition with pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) has not been previously described. A 36-year-old man with azoospermia from hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism following head trauma was given pulsatile GnRH therapy. 10 micrograms of GnRH was administered every 90 minutes through a subcutaneous catheter in the abdominal wall. After 15 months, the ejaculate contained 34 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of semen. Prolonged pulsatile GnRH therapy can restore gonadal function in males with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism of traumatic etiology. Our experience adds to the growing spectrum of hypothalamic disorders causing hypogonadism that is amenable to treatment by this method.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Management of thyroid disease in pregnancy.

Thyroid disease occurs in pregnant at the rate of 0.2-0.6%. Graves' disease is the most common thyroid disorder in our pregnant patients. Thyroid disease is suspected if a significant goitre is detected during pregnancy. Confirmation by thyroid function tests is necessary but their interpretation requires an understanding of changes in the maternal thyroid physiology. Pharmacotherapy with the thionamides is the treatment of choice. Changes in dosage are influenced by the effect of pregnancy on the disease and the optimal level of control for the mother and the foetus. The dose is best titrated against the free thyroxine index or free thyroxine level. The outcome of pregnancy depends on early diagnosis and skillful manipulation of antithyroid drugs.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intravenous metformin on glucose metabolism during hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

A stepped intravenous metformin infusion was used in conjunction with the hyperglycaemic clamp technique to study the dose-response relationship of plasma metformin concentration with hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose disposal in nine patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study was of double-blind crossover design, using NaCl infusion as control. Plasma metformin concentrations spanning the therapeutic range (1.64 +/- 0.13 mg l-1 and 6.57 +/- 0.61 mg l-1) were achieved. No differences in peripheral glucose disposal were demonstrated when compared with NaCl infusion (3.4 +/- 0.1 vs 3.6 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) mg kg-1 min-1 and 3.4 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.2 mg kg-1 min-1, respectively). There was also no difference in basal hepatic glucose production during metformin and NaCl infusion (2.7 +/- 0.3 vs 2.8 +/- 0.2 mg kg-1 min-1). No acute effect of metformin on hepatic glucose production or peripheral glucose disposal was observed, implying that a chronic persistent effect is more important in these respects than immediate effects consequent upon changes in plasma drug level.

Blood Glucose↗