PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C F Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to C F Thompson.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

FR901464: total synthesis, proof of structure, and evaluation of synthetic analogues.

The natural product FR901464 (1) was isolated by the Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. and shown to have intriguing biological properties including impressive antitumor activity. In this paper we describe the first total synthesis of 1 in full detail. A chiral building block synthetic strategy was used to assemble the target: optically active components were generated using asymmetric catalytic reactions, and these fragments were coupled together at a late stage in a convergent synthesis. In particular, a versatile, asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction was developed in the context of this synthesis and used with great effectiveness for the preparation of the two densely functionalized pyran rings. The flexible nature of the synthetic route also allowed us to prepare a series of analogues of 1. These compounds were used to prove the relative stereochemistry of the natural product as well as to probe the importance of certain structural features of FR901464 with regard to biological activity.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed2001

Predisposition to nephropathy in Polynesians is associated with family history of renal disease, not diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: Familial clustering of diabetes and nephropathy suggests that either common environmental or inherited mechanisms are important in developing diabetic nephropathy. If an inherited mechanism is important, the albumin excretion rate might be increased in those at future risk. This study aimed to determine whether people with a family history of diabetes or people with a family history of renal disease were most at risk. METHODS: In a two-by-two factorial study of urinary albumin in non-diabetic Polynesians, 90 people with a first degree relative (FDR) with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and diabetes (group 1) were compared with 90 people with a FDR with non-diabetic ESRF (group 2), with 90 people with a FDR with diabetes but no known nephropathy (group 3) and 90 people with no known relatives with either diabetes or nephropathy (group 4). Groups were matched for ethnicity and age. RESULTS: Subjects with a family history of ESRF (groups 1 and 2) had an increased mean albumin-creatinine ratio (1.25 vs. 1.00 mg/mmol, P = 0.01), but in subjects with a family history of diabetes (groups 1 and 3), the mean ratios were not significantly different from those without a family history of diabetes (1.06 vs. 1.17 mg/mmol; P = 0.2). In those with a family history of nephropathy, fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure were increased, while fasting insulin and 2 h insulin concentrations were lower. A family history of diabetes was associated with an increased fasting blood glucose and 2-h blood glucose. By multiple linear regression, the mean systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), the 2-h glucose concentration (P = 0.05), a family history of renal failure (P = 0.04), female sex (P = 0.0001) and the total cholesterol (P = 0.01) were each independently associated with microalbuminuria, while a family history of diabetes was not (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that among Polynesians there is no specific inherited tendency to diabetic nephropathy per se. The risk of nephropathy does not appear to be associated with the degree of familial risk of diabetes itself. Rather, the risk of diabetic nephropathy may be the result of a familial risk of nephropathy from any cause and is associated with diabetes through relative hypoinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Polynesians: prone to obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus but not hyperinsulinaemia.

AIMS: To compare the extent of hyperinsulinaemia among New Zealand Europeans and Polynesians (an ethnic group at high risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey from randomly selected households was conducted in inner urban South Auckland. Subjects were either European, Maori or Pacific Islands Polynesians aged 40-79 years and were screened for diabetes using a random blood glucose. Those with an elevated result, and 20% randomly selected from those with a normal screening result, were invited to a 75-g glucose tolerance test. WHO criteria (1998) for diabetes were used. RESULTS: In those aged 40-59 years, total prevalence of diabetes was 7.5 (6.2-9.0)% in Europeans but 21.1 (16.6-25.6)% among Maori and 25.0 (19.8-30.1)% among Pacific peoples; obesity (body mass index >or= 31.0 kg/m2) was present in 26% Europeans, 63% Maori and 69% Pacific peoples. Non-diabetic Polynesians were relatively hyperglycaemic and hyperinsulinaemic. After adjusting for the degree of obesity, Polynesians had similar insulin levels to Europeans. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that Polynesians are not intrinsically insulin resistant as a group, a prerequisite found in most other ethnic groups at high risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Polynesians could be the result of their high prevalence of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Use of insulin pumps in pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in a multiethnic community.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of insulin pump therapy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 2 diabetes in pregnancy and persistent hyperglycemia despite multiple injections of subcutaneous insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: As part of a service audit, deliveries to women with diabetes at a single South Auckland hospital were reviewed from 1991 through 1994. Glycemic control was estimated by the mean of self-recorded and laboratory postprandial glucose concentrations. In a nested case-control study, pregnancies complicated by GDM/type 2 diabetes with use of an insulin pump were compared with those without insulin pump therapy and peak insulin requirements of 100-199 units/ day, matched for ethnicity and type of diabetes. RESULTS: A total of 30 of 251 Polynesian, European, and South Asian women with singleton pregnancies complicated by insulin-requiring GDM/type 2 diabetes used an insulin pump. An additional two women with high insulin requirements discontinued pump therapy. None of the women with GDM/type 2 diabetes experienced severe hypoglycemia, whereas 79% of the women had improved glycemic control within 1-4 weeks. Mothers using a pump had greater insulin requirements (median maximum 246 vs. 130 units per day) and greater weight gain (10.6 vs. 5.0 kg). Their babies were more likely to be admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit but were neither significantly heavier nor experienced greater hypoglycemia than control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin pump therapy seems to be safe and effective for maintaining glycemic control in pregnancies complicated by GDM/type 2 diabetes and requiring large doses of insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Incidence and risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in South Auckland.

AIMS: To describe the incidence and risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia among the offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in South Auckland, New Zealand METHODS: A retrospective audit was undertaken of singleton pregnancies delivered between 1991 and 1994. Data were obtained for 373 women and their deliveries (57 European, 76 Maori, 198 Pacific Islands, 42 other). RESULTS: Pacific Islands women were most likely to have large babies with neonatal hypoglycaemia in spite of a high use of insulin. Postnatally Maori and Pacific Islands women had a high incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (21.4, 21.7 vs. 4.3% Europeans, 12.0% others, P =0.035). Babies experiencing hypoglycaemia were more likely to have a mother with past GDM (51.2 vs. 27.2%, P = 0.01) and greater hyperglycaemia (at diagnosis fasting 6.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.1 mmol/l, P < 0.001; finger-prick glucose 5.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Macrosomia, Caesarian section and special care baby unit admission were more common in pregnancies complicated by neonatal hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal hyperglycaemia was a major contributing factor to neonatal hypoglycaemia in this population. Undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes was common among Maori and Pacific Islands women, confirming the need for earlier detection and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Organochlorine pesticide contamination in neotropical migrant passerines.

Organochlorine pesticide levels were determined in Neotropical migrant passerines which have populations reported to be declining. Pesticide residues ranging from 0.385 to 27.4 ng/g were found in 19 of 21 birds, including both Hatch Year (HY) and After Hatch Year (AHY) age classes of nine different species. Eighteen of the 19 birds contained p,p'-DDE, while dieldrin was found in 16 birds and heptachlor epoxide was present in 10 birds. There were no significant differences in pesticide levels between HY and AHY birds, suggesting that HY birds are exposed to pesticides in their diet on the breeding ground or that pesticides are acquired from contaminated mothers, or both. Pesticide levels were not related to gender. Although the effects of these low residue levels on passerine fecundity are unknown, their presence has potential conservation implications for passerines and for the raptorial birds that feed upon them.

Animals↗