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Biomedical subjects

C F van Lieshout

Publications and source records attributed to C F van Lieshout.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Relational support and person characteristics in adolescence.

In this paper, an heuristic model of the personality characteristics of adolescents and the supportive dimensions of interactions, relationships and groups is presented. The model takes the concept of developmental tasks as its starting point and it is assumed that developmental tasks can be characterized in terms of four modalities: intentions, behaviour, cognitions and affect. The same four modalities can also be used to characterize dimensions of personality and aspects of interactional and relational support. The results of several empirical studies are presented to illustrate the model. Together, these studies present a transactional picture of the personality of adolescents and their relationships in which personality and relationships influence each other and jointly determine psychosocial functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Problem behaviors and personality of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Compare behavioral and emotional problems of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and clients consulting mental health centers (MHC) and related behavioral and emotional problems to the children's personality in the PWS group. METHODS: Participants were 39 children with PWS and 585 matched MHC clients. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) syndromes were related to the Big-Five personality factors measured with the California Child Q-sort (CCQ). RESULTS: Mean CBCL Total Problems scores were not different for the PWS and MHC groups, but differences were found for several of the CBCL subscales. Patterns of correlations among CBCL scales were similar in both groups, although coefficients were generally higher in the PWS group, indicating higher comorbidity or co-absence of CBCL syndromes in children and adolescents with PWS. Personality profiles were specific for internalizing and Externalizing problems of children and adolescents with PWS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Family contexts, parental behaviour, and personality profiles of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi, fragile-X, or Williams syndrome.

The personality profiles for youths with Prader-Willi, fragile-X, or Williams syndrome were compared to three matched groups attending regular schools. Using the California Child Q-Set (CCQ), both of the parents of the 39 children with Prader-Willi syndrome, 32 boys with fragile-X syndrome, 28 children with Williams syndrome, and children in the comparison groups provided independent personality descriptions in terms of the Big Five personality factors of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness, along with Motor Activity and Irritability. Specific personality phenotypes for each of the three syndrome groups were found to be differentially related to parental behaviours (i.e. control and anger) and family contexts (i.e. experienced family stress, marital conflict, and parental consistency).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent personality factors in self-ratings and peer nominations and their prediction of peer acceptance and peer rejection.

In this study, the robustness of the Big Five personality factors in adolescents' self-ratings and peer nominations was investigated. Data were obtained on 2,001 adolescents attending secondary school (885 girls; 1,116 boys; M age = 14.5 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the self-ratings confirmed the Big Five personality factors. In contrast, exploratory analysis on the peer nominations revealed five different factors: Aggression-Inattentiveness, Achievement-Withdrawal, Self-Confidence, Sociability, and Emotionality-Nervousness. It is suggested that peers evaluate group members not in terms of their personality but in terms of their group reputation. Peer evaluations contributed substantially to the prediction of peer acceptance and rejection; the Big Five personality factors based on self-ratings did not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Personality profiles of youngsters with Prader-Willi syndrome and youngsters attending regular schools.

For the study of the personality profile of youngsters with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a PWS group was compared with a matched group of youngsters attending regular school. The PWS group consisted of 28 youngsters (12 males and 16 females; mean age 11 years, 11 months). These youngsters were matched on gender and age level with 28 youngsters out of a group of 333 youngsters in regular school. Behaviour and personality characteristics of each youngster in both groups were described by both parents, using a Dutch version of the California Child Q-set (CCQ; Block & Block 1980). The present authors compared the scores of both groups on eight personality dimensions, derived from the aggregated CCQ-descriptions for fathers and mothers. The personality dimensions were Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness, Motor Activity, Irritability and Dependency. The authors investigated further individual differences of PWS youngsters on the same eight CCQ personality dimensions, considering gender and age level as well as IQ level and the presence or absence of a 15q11-q13 deletion. The personality profile of PWS youngsters was markedly different from youngsters in regular school. Some personality characteristics were related to gender and IQ. The lower level of physical activity in PWS girls without 15q11-q13 deletion needs further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Development of behavioral distress in reaction to acute pain in two cultures.

Studied developmental and gender differences in distress behavior during separate phases of a medical treatment in 2 cultures. Distress reactions of 175 children with cancer (age 8 months-18 years 7 months) were observed during bone marrow aspirations (BMA) in 2 different treatment centers (one in the United States, one in The Netherlands) using a behavioral checklist (Procedure Behavioral Rating Scale). The BMAs contained a preparatory phase, the actual needle introduction, and a recovery period. In both cultures almost all separate distress behaviors occurred less in older children, except for increasing muscle tension during the actual puncture. Distress was highest during the needle introduction and significantly lower during the preparatory and recovery phases; in addition, somewhat different patterns of distress behavior were found in separate phases. Culture and sex differences were found. The latter were less robust than developmental and phase differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Bone marrow biopsy in children with leukemia. Determination and reduction of pain and fear reactions].

The development and reduction of distress in children with leukemia was studied during a frequently recurring medical procedure, i.e., a bone marrow aspiration (BMA). The role of a number of factors in the development of distress display in children during this procedure was studied. The intensity of distress display was assessed with a behavioral rating scale. The intensity of distress display was found to be independent of the physician who performed the punction, the part of the body to which the punction was administered, the number of previously administered BMA'S, whether the child had to undergo a lumbar puncture after the BMA, and whether the child was sedated. The intensity of distress display varied with age and sex of the child. The intensity of distress display was weaker in older children, but this age effect was stronger for boys than for girls. An experimental program was developed and administered in order to reduce distress display during medical treatment. This program consisted of three parts (relaxation, imagination of a pleasant situation and arousal of the concomitant feelings, as well as watching a model). The experimental program was found to be effective in reducing distress display in children. The amount of reduction was dependent of the number of prior BMA'S (the fewer the prior BMA'S, the greater the decrease) and of the level of pretreatment display of distress (the higher the level, the smaller the decrease.

Adolescent↗