PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Faulkner

Publications and source records attributed to C Faulkner.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A questionnaire survey of attitudes to and usage of sunscreens in northwest England.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Sunscreens are employed with the aim of reducing the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but little is known about their use in the UK. METHODS: This questionnaire survey assessed attitudes to and usage of sunscreens in northwest England in 2000. Subjects (186 females and 102 males) were recruited from the waiting rooms of four general practices, with a high response rate of 97%. RESULTS: Females were more frequent users of sunscreens than males, but only 35% females and 8% males reported their regular use. Twenty-two per cent of the study population did not use sunscreens at all, whereas 66% of subjects bought a sunscreen product once a year or less. Thirty-four per cent subjects reported experiencing sunburn in the last 2 years. Interestingly, more (60%) sunburns were found to occur at home in the UK than on holidays abroad, and these frequently occurred during outdoor activities other than deliberate sunbathing. CONCLUSION: There remains much scope for sunscreen education in the British public.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Nonsynchronized segmented heterochromia in black scalp hair.

Nonsynchronized segmented heterochromia in black scalp hair is a rarely reported entity, the only previous report being described in association with iron deficiency anaemia. A 14-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of nonsynchronized segmented heterochromia. She was otherwise well and her serum iron, copper, zinc and protein levels were all within the normal range. She had no clinical evidence of vitiligo or alopecia areata. This patient is believed to represent the first reported case of nonsynchronized segmented heterochromia in black scalp hair as a presentation of premature greying of the hair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission patterns in a homeless shelter outbreak.

SETTING: From July 1997 through May 1998, ten tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported among men in a Syracuse New York homeless shelter for men. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Investigation to determine extent of, and prevent further, transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS: Epidemiologic and laboratory evidence suggests that eight of the ten cases were related. Seven cases had isolates with matching six-band IS6110 DNA fingerprints; the isolate from another case had a closely related fingerprint pattern and this case was considered to be caused by a variant of the same strain. Isolates from eight cases had identical spoligotypes. The source case had extensive cavitary disease and stayed at the shelter nightly, while symptomatic, for almost 8 months before diagnosis. A contact investigation was conducted among 257 shelter users and staff, 70% of whom had a positive tuberculin skin test, including 21 with documented skin test conversions. CONCLUSIONS: An outbreak of related TB cases in a high-risk setting was confirmed through the use of IS6110 DNA fingerprinting in conjunction with spoligotyping and epidemiologic evidence. Because of the high rate of infection in the homeless population, routine screening for TB and preventive therapy for eligible persons should be considered in shelters.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The prescription of methadone for opiate dependence in Australia, 1985-1991.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the rates and patterns of prescription of methadone for opiate dependence in Australia from 1985 to 1991. DESIGN: Data on the numbers of Australians prescribed methadone in States and Territories were used to calculate prevalence rates of prescription of methadone. RESULTS: In 1985, Queensland had the highest rate of prescription of methadone. After the establishment of the National Campaign Against Drug Abuse, rates increased in most jurisdictions. Assessment procedures and prescribing practices, such as private prescription of methadone, appear to have markedly affected rates of prescription in some States. CONCLUSION: Large differences in rates of methadone prescription have occurred in Australian States and Territories. There are inadequate data to explain how rates of prescription are related to the prevalence of opiate use. Investigations of prevalence of injecting opiate use, demand for treatment and clinic practices are needed to explain these patterns fully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Percutaneous vascular hemostasis device for interventional procedures.

A new 11.5F over-the-wire vascular hemostasis device was compared to conventional manual compression in normal swine femoral arteries. Using percutaneous techniques, the collagen was deposited and hemostasis achieved in 7 vessels after 1 minute total, plus 4 minutes partial compression, while control manual compression required more than 5 minutes total compression to avoid hematoma formation. One month follow-up of treated arteries (n = 4) and controls (n = 3) showed no impairment in distal pulse or differences in histology at the puncture site in the control and treated arteries. Thus, the vascular hemostasis device technique is safe and effective, achieves hemostasis with less compression time and complications, and does not interfere with arterial wall healing or compromise the lumen.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1991

Role of testicular fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of male infertility: cytologic and histologic correlation.

A series of testicular fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens from 272 infertile men with azoospermia were reviewed and categorized according to morphologic patterns. These included active spermatogenesis, 14 (5%); hypospermatogenesis, 106 (39%); Sertoli cells only, 70 (26%); atrophic pattern, 52 (19%); and maturation arrest, 1 (0.36%). In 29 cases (11%) the amount of material was insufficient for evaluation. The histologic and cytologic findings in 52 cases showing spermatogenesis correlated very well in 52 cases for which open testicular biopsy specimens were also available. These findings indicate that fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the testis is a reliable and useful technique for the investigation of patients with azospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fine-needle biopsy: comparison of cellular yield with and without aspiration.

Fine-needle biopsies with and without aspiration were performed on 103 lesions, and the cellular yields obtained by the two techniques were compared. A scoring system was devised by which the amount of material obtained in each needle stick was estimated. The mean score/stick for fine-needle biopsy with aspiration was 2.7; for biopsy without aspiration, it was 2.9. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the amount of cellular material obtained by the two techniques. It is concluded that needle biopsy without aspiration may be performed routinely with good results.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

We conducted a prospective, randomized study to clarify the role of radiotherapy of the primary tumor in limited small-cell cancer of the lung. After stratification for sex and for performance score based on the ability to ambulate, patients were randomly assigned to receive initial radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, delayed radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. The chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide, etoposide (VP-16-213), and vincristine, with doxorubicin subsequently replacing etoposide in alternate cycles 7 through 18. Chemotherapy was given every three weeks for 18 months. The radiotherapy comprised 4000 rad in four weeks, followed by a 1000-rad "boost" directed against residual disease. All patients received prophylactic whole-brain radiation. The patients enrolled totaled 426, and 399 were evaluable. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of complete responses in favor of the two radiotherapy regimens (P = 0.0013). Failure-free survival was also longer with these two regimens (P less than 0.001), as was the interval before treatment failure in the chest (P less than 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.0099). As expected, toxic effects--chiefly neutropenia--were also increased. The addition of radiotherapy of the primary tumor to combination chemotherapy improved both complete-response rates and survival, with increased but acceptable toxicity.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Combined modality therapy with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a Phase III cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.

Patients with limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were randomly assigned to a four-drug chemotherapy program consisting of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU (MACC) or to a regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, CCNU, and vincristine alternated with Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) and vincristine (CCV/AV). All patients received 4,500 cGy, in a split course, to the primary tumor, mediastinum, and supraclavicular lymph node drainage areas and 3,000 cGy to the whole brain. After four cycles of chemotherapy, patients were randomly assigned to chemotherapy plus methanol extractable residue of BCG (MER-BCG) or no MER-BCG. The complete response frequencies were similar for the two regimens (54% and 48%) as were the median survivals (12.0 and 11.5 months) and the two-year survival rates (15% and 17%). Immunotherapy with MER-BCG did not prolong the time to disease progression or improve survival. Women had a greater chance of achieving a complete remission independent of performance status. There was a complex interaction between sex and the chemotherapy regimens that may have important implications for the design and stratification of future trials in SCCL.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗