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C Flood

Publications and source records attributed to C Flood.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The production and aromatization of dehydroepiandrosterone in post-menopausal women.

Using infusions of [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and [14C]oestrogens, the metabolic clearance rates (MCRD) and blood production rates (PDB) of DHEA and the rate of aromatization of DHEA to oestrone and oestradiol were measured in 7 normal post-menopausal women. The mean +/- SEM value for MCRD was 1850 +/- 270 l/day and for PDB was 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/day. The MCRD value is similar to those reported for young women but PDB is less than those reported for younger women. The mean +/- SEM value for the aromatization rate of DHEA to E1 in 6 women was 0.0058 +/- 0.004 and in 1 woman the aromatization rate of DHEA to E2 was 0.0008. About 30% of the aromatization of DHEA to E1 occurred via the blood pool of androstenedione. However, 20-25% of E1 arose via the aromatization of DHEA to E1 in peripheral tissues without the intermediacy of the blood pool of androstenedione, and thus the peripheral aromatization of DHEA can be an important source of E1 in some women.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Depressive disorders and HLA: a gene on chromosome 6 that can affect behavior.

To determine whether HLA-linked genes on chromosome 6 influence susceptibility to depressive disorders, we tested hypotheses concerning the distribution of HLA haplotypes among specific constellations of affected and unaffected family members. HLA haplotype identity among pairs of affected siblings in families with two affected siblings and among pairs of older unaffected siblings in families with one or two affected siblings was increased over random expectation (P less than 0.005). There was no increase in HLA haplotype identity among affected siblings in sibships with more than two affected members. When parents had a relative difference in estimated load of genes for susceptibility, HLA haplotypes were randomly transmitted to unaffected or affected children from the affected, "high-load" parent, but not from the unaffected, "low-load" parent (P less than 0.001). These results locate a gene contributing to susceptibility to depressive illness on chromosome 6 and provide a second example of the value of the hypotheses in defining the genetic bases of nonmendelian, familial diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The metabolic clearance and blood production rates of estriol in normal, non-pregnant women.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and blood production rate (PB) of estriol have been measured in normal, non-pregnant women 21 to 65 years old. 6,7-3H-Estriol was administered as a pulse injection to 4 women between days 5-7 of their menstrual cycle. The disappearance of radioactivity as unconjugated estriol can be described as a function which is the sum of two exponentials. The initial component represents spread into and transfer from a space with a volume of 20.6 +/- 5.4 (SE) l. The mean value for the rate constant of total removal (reversible and irreversible) was 290.2 +/- 78.5 units/day of which 0.34 +/- 0.06 was irreversible. The mean MCRR was 990 +/- 70 l/day/m2. 4-14C-Estriol was infused at a constant rate for 3 1/2 hours to 13 women between days 5-7 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 100 l/day or 1,240 +/- 40 l/day/m2. Thirteen women received a constant infusion of 4-14C-estriol between days 20-22 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 115 l/day or 1,280 +/- 65 l/day/m2. The mean values for the two phases of the cycle were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1). The mean value for the MCR in 4 post-menopausal women studied in similar fashion was 1,890 +/- 95 l/day or 1,060 +/- 35 l/day/m2. The mean concentrations of estriol were 7.0 +/- 0.7 and 10.9 +/- 0.8 in the follicular and luteal phases of young women, respectively. The mean PB for women in the follicular phase was 14.0 +/- 1.6 mug/day and in the luteal phase was 22.7 +/- 1.9 mug/day. These values were significantly different (P less than 0.01). When the PB's for the 11 women studied in both phases of the cycle were compared the luteal phase values were significantly higher 0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01) using the paired t test. The PB in the 4 post-menopausal women ranged from 5 to 22 mug/day. While there was no difference between the MCR of estriol measured in the two phases of the cycle, the PB of estriol was significantly greater in the luteal phase. Estriol probably contributes little to the overall estrogenic activity in normal, non-pregnant, premenopausal women but could make a more significant contribution in some post-menopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Primary visual centers in Protopterus dolloi Boulenger].

Modifications of the Nauta's method (Fink-Heimer, Ebbesson-Heimer) were used to study the optic centers and pathways of rotoperus dolloi following unilateral enucleation. After ablation, animals were kept at 25degrees C from 6 to 51 days. We saw optimum degenerescences from 10 to 13 days of postoperatory life. Retinofugal fibers are completely crossed. The projections to necleus preopticus and hypothalamus seem to be bi-lateral. The mean primary optic centers are: the thalamic neuropil which is may be homologous with the Bellonci's neuropil in Amphilbia; the pretectal and tectal neuropils; the neuropil of the basal optic root. Results obtained in Protopterus can be compared with our knowledges in Amphibia.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

A comparison of the metabolism of radioactive 17-isoaldosterone and aldosterone administered intravenously and orally to normal human subjects.

After intravenous and oral administration of radioactive aldosterone to normal subjects, 7.3 +/- 0.4 (SE) and 5.4 +/- 0.5 (SE)%, respectively, of the dose was recovered from a 48-hour collection of urine as aldosterone released by mild acid hydrolysis (from aldosterone 18-glucuronide), and 35 +/- 5 (SE) and 39 +/- 4 (SE)%, respectively, was recovered as tetrahydroaldosterone after incubation with beta-glucuronidase.After intravenous and oral administration of 17-isoaldosterone-4-(14)C to a similar group of subjects, 35 +/- 3 (SE) and 53 +/- 4 (SE)%, respectively, of the dose was recovered as 17-isoaldosterone released by acid and less than 5% as total metabolites after incubation with beta-glucuronidase. No detectable radioactivity (< 0.5%) could be recovered as tetrahydroaldosterone or as a compound with the expected chromatographic properties of tetrahydro-17-isoaldosterone. The total radioactivity in the neutral extracts was also relatively small (< 2%) after administration of either labeled aldosterone or 17-isoaldosterone. The radioactivity as aldosterone in the neutral extract was much lower after oral [0.017 +/- 0.003 (SE)%] than after intravenous [0.21 +/- 0.04 (SE)%] administration of labeled aldosterone. The radioactivity as 17-isoaldosterone in the neutral extract was similar after intravenous [0.20 +/- 0.02 (SE)%] and after oral [0.38 +/- 0.18 (SE)%] administration of 17-isoaldosterone. These results indicated that, due to lack of A-ring reduction of the molecule and the consequent slowing of hepatic clearance, 17-isoaldosterone is converted to an acid-labile conjugate (presumably 17-isoaldosterone 18-glucuronide) as the major metabolite. 17-Isoaldosterone was not secreted or converted to aldosterone to any significant extent in the normal subjects investigated.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1967

The metabolism and secretion of aldosterone in elderly subjects.

The secretion rates [34 +/- 6 (SE) mug per day, 9 subjects] and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) [1,288 +/- 120 (SE) L of plasma per day, 9 subjects] of aldosterone in elderly subjects are significantly lower than those of young subjects [77 +/- 7 (SE) mug per day and 1,631 +/- 106 (SE) L per day, respectively]. There is a correlation of the MCR and secretion rate values (p = 0.02), but the calculated plasma concentrations (secretion rate/MCR) are also significantly low in the elderly subjects [2.6 +/- 0.3 (SE) compared with concentrations in the plasma from young subjects of 4.7 +/- 0.6 (SE) mug per 100 ml plasma]. The urinary excretion of radioactivity from oral and intravenously administered labeled aldosterone as aldosterone in the neutral extract, as aldosterone released by acid hydrolysis, and as tetrahydroaldosterone released by incubation with beta-glucuronidase is generally similar for young and elderly subjects except that a larger portion of the oral compared with the intravenous dose is excreted as free aldosterone in the elderly subjects, indicating that the splanchnic extraction is reduced. The calculated splanchnic blood flow (assuming no alteration in extrasplanchnic metabolism) is also slightly lowered. Therefore, as in patients with mild cardiac dysfunction, the lowered MCR of subjects is due to both reduced splanchnic extraction and blood flow. However, unlike the heart failure patients, in the elderly subjects the plasma concentration of aldosterone is also reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What are personality disorders and are they treatable?

The recently published report of the Fallon inquiry (Fallon et al, 1999) has reopened the debate on how best to treat people with personality disorders. Currently, the treatment varies depending on whether patients are in an NHS setting or inpatient psychotherapeutic unit, a special hospital or the penal system. Personality disorder is prevalent in approximately 10% of the population and some evidence suggests a 50% prevalence rate for all psychiatric patients. It is a heterogeneous disorder that is often misunderstood by professionals. There is some consensus within the literature about what constitutes effective treatment. Treatment includes behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychopharmacological treatment, the development of a therapeutic programme including offence-focused work, addressing substance misuse, interpersonal training and a triumvirate/collegiate method of team nursing, where nurses share the responsibility for patients.

Humans↗