The Authors studied the presence of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) during intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) in 2,888 consecutive EEG recordings. PPR was present in 2.3% of EEGs and 10% of all patients referred to EEG laboratory for epilepsy (45 patients, 18 males, 27 females (M:F ratio 1:1.5), mean age 12 yrs). In 24 (53.3%) of these patients PPR was evident only (24.4%) or strikingly (28.9%) on eye closure during IPS. In 7 patients no other epileptic abnormalities were found on basal EEG and during hyperventilation, nor during IPS with eyes closed and with eyes open. The Authors consider the eye closure during IPS the most useful method to reveal a PPR in photosensitive patients and believe that a good IPS technique must include this procedure in the routine EEG examination.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and neurophysiologic study of Guillain Barré syndrome: results of therapy with plasmapheresis].

The Guillain Barré poliradicoloneuritis shows a high incidence of permanent sequelae and exitus. Recently the plasmapheresis has been applied in the acute stage with a beneficial effect to the rapidity and the degree of the recovery. In the present study the results obtained in a group of patients with Guillain Barré of maximal severity are reported. All the patients have received plasmapheresis (3-5 exchanges) in the first days of the disease. Eventual side effects during the procedure have been evaluated together to the neurophysiological findings. The recovery has been evaluated in the brief and in the long term. From this study the efficacy of the plasmapheresis in Guillain Barré poliradicoloneuritis is confirmed. Furthermore a correlation has been evidenced between the amplitude of the muscular potential (CMAP) registered in the acute phase and the prognosis of the illness.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of 2-allophanyl-2-allyl-4-valerolactone (valofan) on cerebral energy metabolism of rat in normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia.

The effects of an atypical barbiturate, valofan, and of a classical barbiturate, exobarbital, on the cerebral energy metabolism of rat have been evaluated under normoxic and hypobaric hypoxia conditions. In hypobaric hypoxia, the survival time was significantly increased by valofan 1.5 g/kg and exobarbital 0.05 g/kg in respect to the controls. In normoxia, valofan 1.5 g/kg (dose weakly sedative) significantly increased creatin-P level and reduced pyruvate and lactate concentrations; exobarbital 0.05 g/kg (anesthetic dose) showed a similar behavior except for glucose which was increased. In hypobaric hypoxia, valofan and exobarbital did not cause any change in the pool of labile phosphates, nor in the levels of pyruvate and lactate in respect to the controls. Repeated treatment (20 days) with the two drugs significantly altered the cerebral energy metabolism during normoxia conditions. The concentrations of ATP, creatin-P, glucose, pyruvate and lactate were increased, while L/P ratio was unaffected.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[L-tryptophan treatment in essential headache: preliminary data].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of chronic administration of adenosine antagonists on adenosine A1 and A2a receptors in mouse brain.

In the present study the effects of chronic in vivo treatments with caffeine and more selective antagonists (PACPX and PD115,199) on the binding parameters of 3H-CHA and 3H-NECA to cortical A1 and striatal A2a adenosine receptors of mouse brain are shown. The drugs were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 6 or 20 days. Treatment for 20 days with caffeine (250 mumol/kg), PD115,199 (50-250 nmol/kg) and PACPX (250 nmol/kg) shifted the A1 low affinity receptors into an agonist-specific high affinity state. Moreover, after 20 days of treatment, the antagonists decreased the affinity of 3H-CHA to A1 receptors in the high affinity state. Antagonist treatments for 6 days did not modify the 3H-CHA binding parameters. The A2a striatal receptors were dose- and time-dependently up-regulated by caffeine and PD115,199, whereas PACPX displayed an up-regulation independent of dose or length of treatment. Moreover, PD115,199 decreased the affinity of 3H-NECA to A2a striatal receptors. This effect on affinity was visible after 20 days of treatment with 50 and 250 nmol/kg. This study provides evidence for a sensitivity of A2a receptors greater than that of A1 receptors and for a different regulation of cortical A1 and striatal A2a adenosine receptors of mouse brain after chronic treatment with antagonists.

Adenosine↗