Use of cell block preparation for morphological, immunocytochemistry, and ploidy analysis in ThinPrep monolayer preparations.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
C Freitas
Publications and source records attributed to C Freitas.
Evidence for medial/lateral specification and positional information within the presomitic mesoderm.
In the vertebrate embryo, segmentation is built on repetitive structures, named somites, which are formed progressively from the most rostral part of presomitic mesoderm, every 90 minutes in the avian embryo. The discovery of the cyclic expression of several genes, occurring every 90 minutes in each presomitic cell, has shown that there is a molecular clock linked to somitogenesis. We demonstrate that a dynamic expression pattern of the cycling genes is already evident at the level of the prospective presomitic territory. The analysis of this expression pattern, correlated with a quail/chick fate-map, identifies a 'wave' of expression travelling along the future medial/lateral presomitic axis. Further analysis also reveals the existence of a medial/lateral asynchrony of expression at the level of presomitic mesoderm. This work suggests that the molecular clock is providing cellular positional information not only along the anterior/posterior but also along the medial/lateral presomitic axis. Finally, by using an in vitro culture system, we show that the information for morphological somite formation and molecular segmentation is segregated within the medial/lateral presomitic axis. Medial presomitic cells are able to form somites and express segmentation markers in the absence of lateral presomitic cells. By contrast, and surprisingly, lateral presomitic cells that are deprived of their medial counterparts are not able to organise themselves into somites and lose the expression of genes known to be important for vertebrate segmentation, such as Delta-1, Notch-1, paraxis, hairy1, hairy2 and lunatic fringe.
Animals↗
Microbiology and biochemistry of cheeses with Appélation d'Origine Protegée and manufactured in the Iberian Peninsula from ovine and caprine milks.
To support legal protection with objective technical data and to promote enforcement of high quality standards a few European countries have created Appélation d'Origine Protegées. This paper reviews and updates fundamental and applied aspects encompassing microbiological and biochemical characteristics of traditional cheeses with Appélation d'Origine Protegée manufactured in the Iberian Peninsula from ovine, caprine, or both milks. Ovine and caprine cheeses with Appélation d'Origine Protegée from Portugal and Spain can be divided into four distinct groups based on milk source and rennet type: 1) Azeitão, Castelo Branco, Evora, Nisa, Serpa, Serra da Estrela, and La Serena cheeses are manufactured with raw ovine milk and coagulated via plant rennet; 2) Terrincho, Idiazábal, Manchego, Roncal, and Zamorano cheeses are manufactured with raw ovine milk and coagulated via animal rennet; 3) Cabra Transmontano and Majorero are manufactured with raw caprine milk and coagulated via animal rennet; and 4) Amarelo da Beira Baixa, Picante da Beira Baixa, and Rabaçal are manufactured with mixtures of raw ovine and caprine milks and coagulated via animal rennet.
Animals↗
Correlation between long-term stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and crystallinity of the lipid phase.
Aqueous dispersions of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are usually physically stable for more than 3 years. However, in some systems gelation occurred leading to solid gels due to an unknown mechanism. To elucidate this mechanism, Compritol SLN were stored at different temperatures, varying light exposure, in different packing materials and stressed by shear forces in short-term tests and a long-term study of 3 years. The SLN were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and sizing techniques. After production by hot homogenization of the melted lipid, the Compritol SLN crystallize in a mixture of stable beta' with unstable polymorphs (alpha, sub alpha). The destabilizing factors light, temperature and shear forces cause a distinct increase in the recrystallization index by transformation of the lipid to the beta' modification being accompanied by gel formation. Physically stable SLN remain as a mixture of modifications, increase in crystallinity index during storage is slow and crystallization occurs mainly in unstable modifications. From this, stabilization of physically critical SLN dispersions seems possible by inhibition of the transformation of the lipid to the stable modification.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
Spray-drying of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN TM).
Aqueous dispersions of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNTM) were converted by spray-drying into dry, reconstitutable powders which could be stored over a long period. After redispersion, the resulting granulates were still acceptable for i.v. administration with respect to the particle size distribution and toxicity. Therefore only physiologically-acceptable excipients such as carbohydrates and alcohols (ethanol and methanol) were added to the SLN dispersions before spraying. The particle size was influenced by the applied spraying parameters and by the chemical nature of the lipid phase, the type of carbohydrate and the spraying, and the redispersion medium. An identical size distribution before and after the spraying process, followed by subsequent redispersion was achieved by: reducing the temperature by spraying alcoholic dispersions, reducing the lipid concentration while increasing the sugar concentration, and by redispersion in a poloxamer 188 solution.
Capsules↗
Allergic contact dermatitis from tioconazole.
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Adolescent↗
Food and the Super Bowl.
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Consumer Behavior↗
Stability determination of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in aqueous dispersion after addition of electrolyte.
The contribution of mono-, di- and trivalent ions to the destabilization of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) dispersions was investigated, i.e. particle growth and subsequent formation of semi-solid gels. Sodium, calcium and aluminium chloride were added in varying concentrations to a Compritol formulation which had proved to be highly sensitive towards destabilizing effects. Dispersions containing up to 10(-3) M sodium chloride remained stable for 14 days. The same concentrations of calcium or aluminium induced slight and rapid particle growth, respectively. Generally, a pronounced destabilizing effect was observed with increasing electrolyte concentration and increasing valence. Higher concentrations of electrolyte (10(-2), 10(-1) M) induced gelation of the systems. The extent of solidification was highly dependent on the crystallinity of the lipid phase. The recrystalization indices of the gels were distinctly higher compared to the liquid systems. Additionally, unstable modifications, being present in liquid dispersions, were transformed into stable ones with increasing solidification. The mechanisms of the destabilizing effect of the electrolytes are reduced electrostatic repulsion and transformation of the lipid Compritol to the beta' modification promoting gel formation.
Aluminum Chloride↗
Effect of photorefractive keratectomy on visual functioning and quality of life.
The authors present the results of the psychosocial outcomes of 45 patients undergoing excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The patients were evaluated by means of self-report questionnaires preoperatively and 6 months after surgery to determine the effect of uncorrected vision change on the patients quality of life. The measurements include the following variables: clinical end points (spherical equivalent refraction); visual function (night driving, day driving, near vision, far vision, glare disability); functional status (physical, social, and role functioning, mental status); general well-being (health perceptions, personal well-being, overall quality of life); and satisfaction with surgery (expectations, satisfaction with medical staff, postoperative pain, satisfaction with treatment outcomes). Preliminary results indicate that changes of uncorrected vision after PRK are reflected by improvement in each of the quality-of-life functions.
Activities of Daily Living↗