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Biomedical subjects

C G Jacoby

Publications and source records attributed to C G Jacoby.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cerebral ventricular enlargement in subtypes of chronic schizophrenia.

A computed tomographic study of the brain in 55 young men with chronic schizophrenia and 27 age- and sex-matched control subjects showed a significantly higher ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in the patients with chronic schizophrenia. Using the Tsuang-Winokur criteria, the sample was classified into paranoid and nonparanoid-hebephrenic subtypes. Nonparanoid patients who did not fulfill the criteria for hebephrenia were grouped as a nonparanoid-undifferentiated subtype. All three groups of subtypes had a significantly higher mean VBR than control subjects. Among the schizophrenia subtypes, the paranoid and nonparanoid-hebephrenic groups were not different, and both had a significantly larger mean VBR than the nonparanoid-undifferentiated group. The results suggest that although the extent of ventricular enlargement varies among schizophrenia subtypes, they all show a significant enlargement compared with the control group. Also, in contrast with previous reports linking a high VBR with negative symptoms, poor prognosis, and impaired cognition, the data in this study show the largest mean VBR in the paranoid patients who generally have a good premorbid history, positive symptoms, less impaired cognition, and relatively better prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The varied computed tomographic appearance of intracranial cryptococcosis.

CT findings in 12 cases of intracranial cryptococcal infection were reviewed. Five patients had a normal scan. Seven patients had communicating or noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Additional findings included meningeal opacification, cerebritis, abscess, and granuloma. Although not specific for cryptococcosis, the CT scan is helpful for evaluating and following the status of the ventricles, subarachnoid spaces, and meninges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: definition and prevalence.

Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia as measured by ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) has been described by three different research groups. Because of the possibility that the samples might not be representative of the broad population of schizophrenic patients, questions have been raised about generalizability. The authors report on ventricular enlargement in a rigorously defined but representative sample of schizophrenic patients intermittently hospitalized but living in the community. They provide additional evidence that ventricular enlargement does occur in schizophrenic patients, although not at rates as high as those previously reported. Issues related to the definition of ventricular enlargement, as well as the effects of sampling and choice of a control group, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Unfavourable left-right asymmetries of the brain and autism: a question of methodology.

Thirty-six patients with infantile autism and various neurological disorders underwent computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the brain. All CT scans were assessed blindly and independently by a diagnostic radiologist. Two techniques modified from two previous studies were used for measuring parieto-occipital asymmetry. The frequency of reversed asymmetry in autistic patients was the same as that in patients with various neurological disorders, and there was no significant association between reversed asymmetry and delayed language development. The study does not support the concept that unfavourable morphological asymmetries of the brain near the posterior language zone may contribute to the difficulties autistic children experience in acquiring language. Methodological difficulties and the design of new studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cortical atrophy in schizophrenia and mania: a comparative CT study.

Fifty-five schizophrenic, 24 manic and 27 control subjects, all males between 20-45 years of age, were examined for structural brain abnormalities with computerized tomography (CT) scans. Both manic and schizophrenic samples had significantly larger ventricles than the control group. Cerebral atrophy was more frequent in schizophrenia, while cerebellar atrophy was more frequent in mania. An association between increased ventricular size and cerebellar atrophy was found in mania but not in schizophrenia. Cerebral atrophy was not associated with ventricular enlargement in either disorder. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Management of vein of Galen aneurysms. Report of two cases.

Aneurysms of the great vein of Galen are rare and potentially lethal lesions, especially in early infancy. Sectioning of the feeding arteries and excision of the lesions have been proposed for the best long-term results. An alternative approach was utilized in the two children discussed here. The computerized tomography (CT) scan established the precise diagnosis and demonstrated hydrocephalus and cortical atrophy preoperatively. Parieto-occipital craniotomy with an interhemispheric approach was performed to clip the numerous feeders. The procedure was terminated when the sac collapsed and blood aspirated from the lesion was venous in oxygen saturation. A Doppler probe over the aneurysm then revealed a venous flow. Serial postoperative CT scans demonstrated that the mass had shrunk in size. Follow-up angiography was not thought necessary.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Fragment analysis in maxillofacial injuries: the tripod fracture.

An analysis of the radiographic signs in 125 consecutive operated cases of tripod fracture was performed. The incidence of direct and indirect signs of fracture and associated fractures of the head and neck were noted. The normal anatomy of the zygomatic articulation is reviewed and optimum radiographic stereo Caldwell, and direct PA views, and orthopantomogram, are recommended.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1980

Cranial CT of neurofibromatosis.

The results of computed tomography (CT) of the orbits and brain of 29 patients with neurofibromatosis were reviewed to determine the contribution of CT scanning to the diagnosis of this disorder. In the presence of orbital symptoms, CT confirmed the presence of suspected lesions such as optic nerve gliomas, demonstrated asymptomatic and atypical lesions, and displayed concomitant intracranial involvement of the optic chiasm. CT of the brain revealed a multiplicity of abnormalities such as astrocytomas, intracerebral calcification, hydrocephalus, and congenital lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The role of radionuclide brain imaging and computerized tomography in the early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis.

We have reviewed the medical records and radiographic examinations of 12 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis to assess the role of RN and CT in the early diagnosis of this disease. The initial RN study was positive in 83% (10/12) of cases while the initial CT study was positive in 75% (9/12) of cases. The earliest positive RN was seen on the second day after the onset of neurologic signs or symptoms while the earliest positive CT was seen on the third day. We describe various abnormal patterns encountered in HSE and discuss their diagnostic reliability. We make recommendations for the diagnosis of HSE based on our findings and on the information available in the literature

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Posterior fossa intra-axial tumors: a comparison of computed tomography with other imaging methods.

Fifty patients with posterior fossa intra-axial tumors were evaluated by computed tomography and the results compared with routine skull films, radionuclide brain scanning vertebral angiography, and cerebral air studies. The routine skull series was found to be of little benefit. Computed tomography was more sensitive than the radionuclide brain scan in detecting all of the lesions except astrocytoma, for which sensitivity was comparable. Angiography was the most sensitive means of detecting hemangioblastoma, and was the only reliable radiographic method of differentiating hemangioblastoma from astrocytoma. Cerebral air studies were the most sensitive and specific means of evaluating brainstem gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiology of basilar skull fractures.

Injury to the basal portion of the anterior, middle, and posterior fossae of the skull are rather easily overlooked unless the radiologist carefully searches for indirect or direct signs of such injury. Representative injuries of each area are reviewed and radiological signs are illustrated. Combination fractures transversing several areas are also considered and illustrated.

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗