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Biomedical subjects

C G Male

Publications and source records attributed to C G Male.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Oral benzodiazepine premedication in minor gynaecological surgery.

Clobazam 20 mg, diazepam 10 mg, lorazepam 2 mg and oxazepam 30 mg were compared in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial as oral premedication for 150 patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. All drugs and placebo significantly decreased anxiety when assessed by the patient on a 10-cm linear analogue rating scale 60 min after premedication. Diazepam 10 mg induced significantly more drowsiness when assessed by a trained observer 60 min after premedication than clobazam 20 mg, oxazepam 30 mg and placebo (P less than 0.01). Lorazepam 2 mg caused significantly more drowsiness 2 h (P less than 0.001) and 4 h (P less than 0.01) after operation, and significantly impaired psychomotor function after operation compared with the other four agents. The data suggest that clobazam 20 mg, diazepam 10 mg, oxazepam 30 mg or placebo offer advantages over lorazepam 2 mg for oral premedication in minor gynaecological surgery where early discharge after operation is preferred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of three benzodiazepines for oral premedication in minor gynaecological surgery.

Diazepam 10 and 20 mg, lorazepam 2.5 and 5.0 mg, flunitrazepam 1 and 2 mg, and a placebo, were compared in a randomized double-blind controlled trial as oral premedication for 210 patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. Flunitrazepam 1 mg and lorazepam 2.5 mg were superior to placebo (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05 respectively) in relieving patient anxiety when assessed by a trained observer 60 min after premedication. Flunitrazepam 1 mg also produced more drowsiness (P less than 0.01) than the placebo. Comparisons of other low-dose benzodiazepine groups with the placebo, and of the large dose with the small dose of each drug revealed no significant changes in anxiolysis or drowsiness. Dizziness and prolonged drowsiness were not apparent with low-dose flunitrazepam. The data suggests that flunitrazepam 1 mg offers advantages over placebo, diazepam 10 mg and lorazepam 2.5 mg for routine oral premedication in minor gynaecological surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Blood glucose changes during neurosurgery.

Blood glucose levels were studied prospectively in 40 patients undergoing elective major craniotomy. A significant (p less than 0.01) hyperglycaemic response was noted after scalp infiltration with adrenaline and incision (0.5 mmol/l) and with continued surgery (0.9 mmol/l). Patients aged 50 years and under showed a significantly greater rise with adrenaline and incision than older patients (0.8 compared with 0.4 mmol/l p less than 0.01). Preoperative high dose steroid therapy did not modify the response. Blood glucose changes were unrelated to sex, obesity, a family history of diabetes, the duration of starvation, intraoperative body temperature, anaesthetic technique, induced hypotension or blood loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Theatre ventilation. A comparison of design and observed values.

The ventilation rates of 23 operating theatres were tested randomly. These were found to vary widely from design specifications (--43 to +40%). One modern theatre was studied intensively for 6 months and the causes of poor ventilation determined. Preventative maintenance schemes are justified by a positive relationship with plant performance. The influence of theatre ventilation of contamination with anaesthetic agents and the medico-legal implications of poor theatre ventilation are discussed. There is a need for main duct airflow signals, displayed in theatre, to warn personnel of low levels of theatre ventilation.

Hospital Design and Construction↗
PubMed1977

Methohexitone-induced convulsions in epileptics.

The risk of precipitating a convulsion in epileptic patients with methohexitone has been judged to vary widely. This article reports such complications arising during methohexitone-activated E.E.G. recording in a series of 48 epileptic patients from whom anticonvulsant medication was withheld. Two patients developed grand mal convulsions during induction with methohexitone 1-0%. Two others exhibited status epilepticus of the petit mal type and one of the myoclonic type, after stopping an infusion of 0-09% methohexitone. The specificity for methohexitone-induced convulsions in epileptics or crypto-epileptics is supported by a review of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

An evaluation of the performance of minimal resistance non-rebreathing systems.

Minimal resistance to spontaneous respiration has been proposed as a safe method for reducing operative bleeding. The Magill, Bullough, and Gilston T-piece non-rebreathing systems have been tested for resistance in steady-state conditions of pressure gradient and gas flow. The slope of the lines on the graph of the pressure gradient within an endotracheal tube against the squared value of the simulated expiratory flow rate illustrated the low resistance characteristics of the Gilston T-piece compared with the Magill and Bullough systems. In a within-patient trial, the resistance characteristics of the Gilston T-piece and Magill systems were confirmed by measuring the patterns of airway flow and endotracheal pressure changes with rapidly responding transducers. In conclusion, the Gilston T-piece system offers the least resistance to respiration of those tested, and provides the greatest opportunity for assessment of reduced operative bleeding in a clinical trial.

Airway Resistance↗