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Biomedical subjects

C G Ray

Publications and source records attributed to C G Ray.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations.

Coronaviruslike particles (CVLPs) were visualized by direct electron microscopy (EM) of diarrheal stools in 49 of 126 infants and children between 1 month and 12 years of age during a three-year observation period. The clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients were analyzed and compared with patients with diarrhea who were shedding rotaviruses, or whose stools were negative for enteric viruses by EM. Seasonal and age distributions for CVLP shedding were similar to those for rotaviruses (in most cases less than 1 year of age; peak months were September through January), as were the symptoms and median durations of illness. Prospective studies of three subsequent patients suggest that the duration of shedding in acute illness is five to at least 25 days. Multiple attempts to cultivate the CVLPs were unsuccessful. In addition, partial purification of CVLPs from stool specimens was performed, and immunologic analysis by immunoelectron microscopy and radial immunodiffusion showed no antigenic relatedness to prototype human (OC43 and 229E) or animal (bovine and canine) coronaviruses. These findings suggest that CVLPs may be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal illness in infancy, and may represent a virus antigenically unrelated to known human and animal coronaviruses.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for active Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with persistent, unexplained illnesses: elevated anti-early antigen antibodies.

Forty-four patients, including 26 adults and 18 children under 15 years of age, were referred for evaluation of recurrent or persistent illnesses, with symptoms including pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fever, headaches, arthralgia, fatigue, depression, dyslogia, and myalgia. Thirty-nine patients were positive for Epstein-Barr virus antibody with antibody levels compatible with active infection for at least 1 year. Antiviral capsid antigen and anti-early antigen titers of patients were significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than age-group-matched controls. The frequency, number, duration, and patterns of symptoms, as well as patient sex, were compared by age in study patients seropositive and seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus. Illness patterns were not associated with changes in specific antibody titers or clinical findings. Lymphocyte phenotype and function analyses were done in 11 of the 39 patients positive for Epstein-Barr virus antibody; no consistent differences from normal were found. Only 1 of 32 patients had circulating interferon, in contrast to 7 of 7 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. There were many adverse consequences of the illness. Epstein-Barr virus infection may not be self-limiting, and the virus may be associated with clinically recognizable illness other than infectious mononucleosis in children as well as in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Varicella-zoster antibody titers in children with leukemia and lymphoma. Relationship of titer to varicella-zoster infection.

Serum varicella-zoster (VZ) antibody titers were determined by a simple, indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique in 50 children with leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixteen children had initial antibody titers that were not detectable at a serum dilution of 1:8 and were considered to be susceptible to varicella. Thirty-one patients had initial serum VZ antibody titers of 1:16 or greater, while three had levels of 1:8. The serum antibody titer was 1:8 or greater in 16 children with a history of varicella. Seven episodes of localized herpes zoster were observed in children whose VZ titer was 1:8 or greater prior to onset. Two nonfatal infections with primary varicella developed in children with leukemia in remission whose initial titers were less than 1:8 and were associated with a convalescent rise in VZ antibody to levels greater than 1:16. Three susceptible children received zoster immune plasma or zoster immune globulin for varicella exposure, causing a transient rise in serum VZ titer. The assessment of serum VZ titer by this immunofluorescent antibody technique combined with the prior varicella history is useful in defining the population of children with leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who are susceptible to primary varicella.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Parainfluenza type II infection in dogs. A model for viral lower respiratory tract infection in humans.

To determine if parainfluenza type II (P2) virus infections in dogs could be used as a model for viral airways disease in children, we studied pulmonary function and histopathology in 12 P2-infected and 8 control beagle dogs. Ten infected animals developed symptoms of cough and rhinitis within 9 days of virus exposure. Histologic changes in infected dogs included ciliated epithelial denudation and peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates involving airways of all sizes; most notably, 19 to 57% of nonrespiratory airways less than 1 mm in diameter were affected. Two weeks after the onset of symptoms, infected dogs were asymptomatic, but they had lower functional residual capacities (p less than 0.05) and lower specific lung conductance (p less than 0.05) than control dogs. Additionally, dynamic compliance did not increase with lung growth in infected dogs as it did in control dogs. These results suggest that parainfluenza type II infections can be experimentally produced in dogs (without concomitant bacterial infection), that these viral infections are similar to human viral lower respiratory tract illnesses, and that such viral infections may alter lung development in rapidly growing dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute polyarthritis associated with active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Nine patients with an initial onset of symptoms of acute arthritis within the preceding four weeks were enrolled in a prospective serological study with clinical follow-up for six months to two years. Four adults with chronic rheumatoid arthritis and ten healthy adults were similarly studied. Serial titers measured included antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens, group B coxsackieviruses, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Serological evidence of active EBV infection was found in four of the patients with acute arthritis, none of the patients with chronic arthritis, and one of the ten healthy adults. There was no similar correlation between acute disease and presence of antibodies to the other viruses tested. We suggest that EBV may cause acute rheumatic illnesses more commonly than is currently appreciated but is probably not involved in the etiology of typical chronic rheumatoid arthritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Reduced Coxsackie antibody titres in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients presenting during an outbreak of Coxsackie B3 and B4 infection.

The potential role of antecedent viral infection in the pathogenesis of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was investigated by measuring antibody titres to several viruses in serum obtained at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. An outbreak of Coxsackie B4 infection followed by a wave of Coxsackie B3 and B5 infections occurred in Seattle during the time viral serology was obtained in the diabetic patients. Antibody titres to Cocksackie B5 and Influenza A and B viruses were comparable in diabetics and matched control subjects, but antibody titres to Cocksackie B3 and B4 were lower in the diabetics and a low antibody titre to Coxsackie B3/B4 was associated with a significantly increased relative risk of diabetes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Herpes simplex type 2 virus encephalitis presenting as psychosis.

The current literature recognizes two antigenic types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 and 2. Type 1 is the most common cause of sporadic necrotizing encephalitis in the United States, with a mortality rate of 30 to 70 percent, and leaves various neurologic sequelae in the survivors. Herpes simplex virus type 2 had been recognized as an etiologic agent in fatal infections in neonates and a mild meningitis in adults, but its role in encephalitis in adults is less well known. We report a case of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis with an analysis of four additional cases previously documented in the literature. Herpes simplex virus type 2 may cause more infections than is presently recognized, and we suggest that some cases of acute psychosis may, like in our case, represent herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles associated with gastrointestinal illness in neonates.

Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the stools of symptomatic infants during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a neonatal intensive-care unit. To determine the incidence of virus-like particles in the stool and their relation to gastrointestinal symptoms, eight surveys of stools for the particles were conducted over 40 weeks. The incidence of virus-like particles in the stool decreased from 69% to less than 10% over the study period. Most infants surveyed were premature; overall, 32 (36%) of 88 neonates were positive for virus-like particles. Statistically significant associations were found between virus-like particles in the stool and gastrointestinal symptoms within one week of each survey. These symptoms included water-loss stools, blood in the stool, gastric retention, bilious gastric aspirates, and abdominal distention. Several infants with virus-like particles whose mothers had gastrointestinal or "flu-like" symptoms before delivery were identified in the community (not part of the survey study).

Coronaviridae↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of direct and indirect immunofluorescence staining of clinical specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen.

Immunofluorescence staining methods for respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection were compared. Of 50 specimens originally positive for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence and culture, 49 were positive by repeat direct immunofluorescence and 32 were positive by indirect immunofluorescence. Additional results obtained on specimens originally negative for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence, culture, or both indicate that direct immunofluorescence staining for respiratory syncytial virus antigen was more sensitive than was indirect immunofluorescence.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1981

In utero Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis) infection.

A male infant infected in utero with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) demonstrated a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies (micrognathia, cryptorchidism, central cataracts), hypotonia, thrombocytopenia, persistent monocytosis, proteinuria, and multiple areas of metaphysitis at birth. Lymphocytes were Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) positive (18%) and persisted in culture for three months. He had antibody to early antigen (anti-EA), IgM-viral capsid (anti-VCA), and EBNA (anti-EBNA) detectable at 22 days of age. All attempts to isolate infectious agents or to serologically identify other infectious causes for his syndrome were negative.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

The 30- to 54-nm rotavirus-like particles in gastroenteritis: incidence and antigenic relationship to rotavirus.

The 30- to 54-nm rotavirus-like particles were observed in the stool specimens of 17 children with gastroenteritis. These small rotavirus-like particles were shown to be antigenically related to the commonly described 68-nm rotavirus using the techniques of immune electron microscopy and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Four specimens containing the small rotavirus-like particles were shown to contain an antigen of a common human rotavirus serotype (type 2). The findings of small rotavirus-like particles of different diameters sharing a common antigen with rotavirus type 2 cautions against the naming of new candidate viruses based on morphology alone. In addition, the shedding of pure populations of single-shelled rotaviruses, herein described, could be an unusual phenomenon which may occur only sporadically. The relationship of the smaller rotavirus-like particles to rotavirus morphogenesis is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Biological and biochemical properties of a human uveal melanocyte-derived cell line.

A human uveal melanocyte-derived cell line (U1I) is described. The cell line has a doubling time of 27.2 hr, a plating efficiency on plastic surfaces of 10%, and a cloning efficiency in soft agar of < 0.1%. U1I displays marked chromosomal aneuploidy and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Biochemical studies indicate the presence of tyrosinase, which is stimulated by several compounds, including theophylline, progesterone, and nerve growth factor.

Adolescent↗