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Biomedical subjects

C Galletly

Publications and source records attributed to C Galletly.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Working memory in posttraumatic stress disorder--an event-related potential study.

This study examined ERP topography during the updating and the utilization of working memory in subjects with PTSD. Event-related potentials of 18 participants with PTSD and 18 controls were recorded from 32 scalp electrodes during an auditory target detection task requiring the constant updating of target identity. Midline N2 and P3 abnormalities previously noted in PTSD during target detection were replicated. Scalp topographic data revealed sustained reduction in activity over the right hemisphere during working memory updating. Executive processes were associated with brief but widespread right hemisphere reductions during the P3, followed by sustained, bilateral reduction frontally. This study identifies an abnormal pattern of cortical network function during both the updating and use of working memory in PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiology of prostate cancer in two European countries: Scotland and Norway.

The incidence of prostate cancer varies enormously throughout the world. Scotland and Norway are two European countries with similar populations, yet the incidence of prostate cancer in Norway is much greater than in Scotland. The aetiology and epidemiology of prostate cancer in both countries is discussed. Reference is made to age, socio-economic status, diet, hormones, genetic factors and vasectomy.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Crisis beds: the interface between the hospital and the community.

The main role of the crisis unit at a state psychiatric hospital was found to be the provision of brief hospitalisation for patients with adjustment disorders and personality disorders. The four bed crisis unit treated 14% of all patients admitted to the hospital, with an average length of stay less than three days. A study of 78 crisis unit patients found that 77% were able to be discharged directly to the community, and only 18% were readmitted during the following six months.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation: possible application to the attentional deficit of schizophrenia, a report of negative results.

The cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia commonly include impairment in attention, which may contribute to difficulties with learning, memory, and executive function. This study evaluated the effectiveness of computer-aided training of attentional skills in schizophrenia. Two groups of schizophrenic subjects (9 men and 1 woman) were matched for age, estimated premorbid IQ, and positive and negative symptom scores. Both groups were assessed using a battery of attentional tests. Subjects then received either six 1-hr. computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation sessions (experimental condition) or six sessions of graphics-based computer games (control condition). Both groups were reassessed with attentional measures. There was significant improvement on only one test, a letter-cancellation task. This improvement was evident in both groups suggesting that this was a practise effect. Apart from the letter-cancellation test, subjects undertaking the computer-aided rehabilitation treatment did not show significant improvement on any attentional tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of dexfenfluramine in a weight loss program for obese infertile women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of dexfenfluramine as an adjunct to a group treatment program for obese infertile women. METHOD: Twenty-one obese infertile women were referred by the Reproductive Medicine Unit. They attended a 24-week group program which included exercise and educational sessions. Dexfenfluramine and placebo were given, each for 12 weeks, in a double-blind crossover design. RESULTS: Dexfenfluramine treatment was not associated with greater loss of weight. The mean weight loss during dexfenfluramine treatment was 3.21 kg (SD 3.09) and during placebo was 3.31 kg (SD 3.15). Self-esteem, anxiety, and depression ratings all improved significantly over the 24 weeks. DISCUSSION: The group treatment program appeared to be equally effective with or without dexfenfluramine. Previous studies have found dexfenfluramine to be effective in combination with individual treatment, but it has not previously been evaluated as an adjunct to group treatment. It is unclear whether dexfenfluramine may be less effective in combination with group treatment programs, or whether its usefulness is restricted in this particular population of obese patients. No differences were found associated with the order in which active and placebo treatments were given. Patients showed improvement in self-esteem and reduction in depression and anxiety, but dexfenfluramine treatment was not associated with any difference in these measures, compared to placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Improved pregnancy rates for obese, infertile women following a group treatment program. An open pilot study.

Thirty-seven women with a mean initial weight of 98.5 +/- 18.7 kg completed a group treatment program for obese, infertile women. The program lasted for 24 weeks and included regular exercise and group discussion of topics such as coping with the psychological impact of infertility, developing healthy eating patterns, and the effects of obesity on reproductive physiology. There was significant weight loss (mean weight loss 6.2 +/- 4.5 kg, p < 0.001) and improvement on measures of self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and general health. Twenty-nine women became pregnant during the follow-up period (21-36 months). Two women were avoiding pregnancy, so only six who had completed the group program and wished to become pregnant had not conceived by the end of the follow-up period. A further five women did not complete the program as they became pregnant while attending the group. Our results suggest that active measures to improve mood and self-esteem, along with better nutrition and weight reduction through diet and exercise, can produce considerable improvement in the outcome of treatment for infertility in obese women.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

A group program for obese, infertile women: weight loss and improved psychological health.

We report on a group program for obese infertile women. Sixty-four women completed the 24-week program, which included exercise, information about healthy eating and group discussion sessions. Their mean initial weight was 101.9 +/- 18.14 kg. The mean weight loss on completion of the program was 5.2 +/- 5.11 kg (p < 0.0001). There was significant improvement on ratings of self-esteem and depression. Changes to life-style and health which are known to improve fertility may be a useful precursor to invasive, high technology infertility treatment procedures.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1996

Subjective muscle weakness and hypotonia during clozapine treatment.

Four cases of patients who described an unpleasant subjective experience of weakness and reduced muscle tone during treatment with clozapine are presented. An exacerbation of muscular dystrophy during clozapine treatment is also described. It is hypothesized that these adverse effects are related to the muscle relaxant properties of clozapine. The differential diagnosis of sedation, fatigue, asthenia, and reduced muscle tone is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Weight loss results in significant improvement in pregnancy and ovulation rates in anovulatory obese women.

Obesity can affect ovulation and the chances of pregnancy. In this prospective study, a weight loss programme was assessed to determine whether it could help infertile overweight anovulatory women to establish ovulation and assist in achieving pregnancy, ideally without further medical intervention. The subjects acted as their own historical controls. They underwent a weekly programme of behavioural change in relation to exercise and diet over 6 months; those who did not complete the 6 months were treated as the comparison group. Women in the study group lost an average of 6.3 kg, with 12 of the 13 subjects resuming ovulation and 11 becoming pregnant, five of these spontaneously. Fitness, diet and psychometric measurements all improved. Fasting insulin and testosterone concentrations dropped significantly, while sex hormone binding globulin concentrations rose. None of these changes occurred in the comparison group. Thus, weight loss with a resultant improvement in ovulation, pregnancy outcome, self-esteem and endocrine parameters is the first therapeutic option for women who are infertile and overweight.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Anorexia nervosa in a male: comment and illustration.

Attention is drawn to the possible diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in young males with weight loss. The symptoms and signs are described, along with the setting in which the condition may develop. These points are illustrated by reference to a recently treated case. The poor prognosis of anorexia nervosa in males is emphasised.

Adult↗