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Biomedical subjects

C Garnier

Publications and source records attributed to C Garnier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Efferents of frontal or occipital cortex grafted into adult rat's motor cortex.

Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was used to examine the efferent connectivity of embryonic (E16) frontal (homotopic) or occipital (heterotopic) neocortical transplants placed into--or in the vicinity of--lesion cavities made in the frontal cortex of adult recipients. Homotopic transplants projected towards the host sensorimotor cortex and, in most cases, into the lateral caudate-putamen (CPu). Heterotopic transplants projected into the anterior cingulate cortex and, in most cases, distributed terminals into the medial CPu. It is suggested that embryonic neocortical tissue placed into a damaged cortical site of an adult recipient develops a pattern of efferents corresponding to its cortical origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Topographic distribution of efferent fibers originating from homotopic or heterotopic transplants: heterotopically transplanted neurons retain some of the developmental characteristics corresponding to their site of origin.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the topographical distribution of cortical efferents is exclusively dependent on environmental cues or is also controlled by intrinsic factors. For the purpose, we used a sensitive tract-tracing method (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) to compare the pattern of efferent fibers of homotopic and heterotopic transplants of embryonic (E16) neocortex. Our findings indicate that transplants of embryonic sensorimotor cortex placed homotopically in the sensorimotor cortex of newborn rats distribute a set of efferent projections not fundamentally different from that of normal sensorimotor cortex. The pattern of efferents arising from transplants of embryonic occipital cortex heterotopically placed in the sensorimotor cortex of newborns is strikingly different. Heterotopically transplanted neurons: (i) only rarely contact normal targets of the motor cortex; (ii) systematically project towards normal targets of the visual cortex (primary and secondary visual cortical areas, dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei, lateral dorsal and lateral posterior thalamic nuclei, anterior pretectal nucleus and superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus); (iii) distribute fibers to structures normally receiving fibers from both motor and visual cortices (caudate-putamen, pontine nuclei), either exclusively into the visual cortico-recipient zone of the structure or into both visual and motor cortico-recipient zones. Taken together, these results seem to indicate that the heterotopically transplanted cells have retained certain anatomical characteristics of their locus of origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

In vivo phosphorylation of the yeast uracil permease.

The uptake of uracil by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by a specific permease encoded by the FUR4 gene. This uracil permease is a multispanning membrane protein that follows the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane. We have used in vivo pulse labeling and immunoprecipitation to show that the uracil permease is phosphorylated. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicates that the phosphorylation occurs on seryl residues. Experiments with temperature sensitive secretory mutants, blocked at successive steps of the secretory pathway, have established that the phosphorylation of the permease takes place at the plasma membrane. Under steady state conditions, Western immunoblotting showed multiple phosphorylated permease species. Their relative abundance appeared susceptible to metabolic conditions. This study is, therefore, a first step toward identifying a molecular mechanism involved in the post-translational control of a yeast transporter.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Membrane insertion of uracil permease, a polytopic yeast plasma membrane protein.

Uracil permease is a multispanning protein of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane which is encoded by the FUR4 gene and produced in limited amounts. It has a long N-terminal hydrophilic segment, which is followed by 10 to 12 putative transmembrane segments, and a hydrophilic C terminus. The protein carries seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites, three of which are in its N-terminal segment. Overexpression of this permease and specific antibodies were used to show that uracil permease undergoes neither N-linked glycosylation nor proteolytic processing. Uracil permease N-terminal segments of increasing lengths were fused to a reporter glycoprotein, acid phosphatase. The in vitro and in vivo fates of the resulting hybrid proteins were analyzed to identify the first signal anchor sequence of the permease and demonstrate the cytosolic orientation of its N-terminal hydrophilic sequence. In vivo insertion of the hybrid protein bearing the first signal anchor sequence of uracil permease into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane was severely blocked in sec61 and sec62 translocation mutants.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro study of platelet preservation during 5 days in reduced-thickness bags].

An in vitro study of platelet concentrates storage for 5 days was performed in PVC bags. Modification of the original three-day containers were introduced by thickness reduction. The results at fifth day were comparable to those at third day in standard plastic bags. During storage, variations of platelet counts were very slight with a low LDH release. PH was stable with a good maintenance of phase microscope platelet morphology. PCO2 and PO2 measurements showed a satisfactory gas permeability which could explain a limited lactate production. If in vivo studies of transfusion recovery confirm these data, platelet concentrates storage could be extended up to 5 days by such modifications of standard three-day PVC bags.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1986

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in autistic children.

In the present study, plasma DBH activity and urinary HVA levels were measured in 19 autistic and 15 normal children. DBH activity was significantly elevated in the 8 less retarded autistic patients. In this subgroup, a negative correlation was found between plasma DBH and urinary HVA levels. These results support the hypothesis of a possible involvement of brain catecholamine dysfunction in the production of autistic symptoms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases. Apropos of 26 cases].

Twenty-six patients with known primary tumors were treated surgically for pulmonary metastases between 1951 and 1979. The metastases were diagnosed more often (58% of cases) by routine radiological examinations than because of thoracic symptoms. While diagnosis of the primary tumor and the metastases was simultaneous in three cases, the average lapse of time between the two diagnoses was 5 years and 1 month in the other cases. In four cases, it was 10 years or more. Lung X-rays showed single tumors more often than multiple tumors (12%). Broncho-fibroscopy was usually normal, but a preoperative biopsy showed the metastatic nature of the tumor in 5 cases. Ablation was by lobectomy (42%), pneumonectomy (23%) or atypical resection (27%). The hospital mortality rate was 7.6%. The survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years (71%, 39%, and 17%) is identical to that of primitive bronchial tumors, and seems to be influenced by certain factors, such as the locus of the primitive tumor (with a particularly bad prognosis for ENT tumors), the lapse of time between the diagnoses of the primary and secondary tumors, the fact that there is one, rather than several, metastases, or that the metastases are monolateral rather than bilateral, and, finally, the limited nature of the exeresis. These factors prompt regular, systematic and prolonged radiological monitoring in search of further pulmonary metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Monoamine and monoamine enzyme abnormalities in childhood autism].

According to monoaminergic hypothesis of psychosis, several symptoms observed in child autism may be related to anomalies of cerebral amines and/or synaptic dysfunctioning. The main amines concerned are serotonin and dopamine which are synthetized and catabolized following similar schemes. Methyl-indolamines production, mentioned in adult schizophrenia, has not been observed in child autism. Similarly, monoaminoxydase diminution has been observed in adults and not in children. Hyperserotoninemia does exist in some cases of child autism. Results concerning dopaminergic systems are more promising. The autistic behavioral syndrome suggests a dopaminergic dysfunctioning. Enhancement of homovanillic acid, the main metabolite of dopamine, has been found both in cerebrospinal fluid and in urines of some autistic children. Moreover, modifications of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme that changes dopamine into noradrenaline, have been mentioned in some cases of autism. A better definition of the autistic clinical syndromes associated with a more systematic study of monoamines plasmatic and urinary derivates will allow, in the near future, a better understanding of child autism and a clearer definition of therapeutic indications.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Ciliary immotility syndrome without situs inversus in 2 children].

The authors report two cases of immotile cilia syndrome occurring in two children without situs inversus. The two boys, 3 and 7 years old, had bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and recurrent upper airway infections. In the siblings, we found Kartagener's syndrome (sister of the first boy, and two sibs of the second). The diagnosis in the 2 cases was performed by study of ciliary motion in bronchial brushing. Ultrastructural examination of biopsies from bronchial mucosa showed specific defects of the axoneme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Gastric bezoar in diabetes mellitus. 3 cases (author's transl)].

Diabetic gastroparesis is the gastric manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and may result, on rare occasions, in the formation of a bezoar. This was the case in 3 patients (two women aged 36 and 66 and a 19-year-old man) whose insulin-dependent diabetes was complicated with neuropathy. All patients had marked glycaemic instability apparently related to digestive function. In one patient, a stable normoglycaemic state was obtained by continuous intravenous administration of carbohydrates until the bezoar had disappeared. In the other two patients, who had a long history of neglected digestive disorders, the bezoars provided intractable. In diabetics with dyspeptic symptoms, and particularly when neuropathy is present, it would be advisable to investigate for gastroparesis in order to prevent the development of a bezoar by dietetic and therapeutic measures.

Adult↗