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Biomedical subjects

C Gaudebout

Publications and source records attributed to C Gaudebout.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A fosfomycin-gentamicin combination in the treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing type TEM-3 beta-lactamase].

The authors studied the activity of fosfomycin (FOS) and/or gentamicin (GEN) against a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain resistant to all beta-lactams--except cephamycins and imipenem--by production of a plasmid mediated extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-TEM-3, to all aminoglycosides--except gentamicin--by production of a plasmid mediated 6' aminoglycoside acetyltransferase IV, to sulfonamides and to tetracyclines. In vitro, the combination FOS (MIC = MBC = 32 mg/l) + GEN (MIC = MBC = 2) appeared indifferent (FIC = 0.75; FBC = 1). In vivo, on experimental endocarditis in rabbits, FOS alone was ineffective, GEN alone was active but only at high dose regimen, FOS - GEN combination was active as compared with controls. Fosfomycin - gentamicin combination may be an alternative in the therapy of severe infections due to multiresistant Enterobacteriacae.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serological screening for hydatidosis in households of surgical cases in central Tunisia.

Household members of surgical cases of hydatidosis were screened for the disease in two high-risk districts in Central Tunisia. Seventy-four index cases were identified from the 1980-1984 surgical records of Sousse University Hospital. Household members over five years of age were tested by ELISA, and if positive by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) for detection of band 5. Positive subjects underwent a chest X-ray and echotomography (ECT). Eight of the 355 household members (2.2%) living in four different houses were serologically positive. All eight had a normal chest X-ray; a hepatic cyst was detected in seven of them. Five of the seven subjects in whom a cyst was diagnosed lived in two neighbouring houses (19 household members from the same family). Among these 19 subjects, six had been previously operated on for hydatidosis (cumulative rate: 11/19). The comparisons of these results with results obtained through community-based screening in the same area suggest that households members of patients are not at particularly high risk of hydatidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Disposition of amopyroquin in rats and rabbits and in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum.

The disposition of amopyroquin was studied in rats after a single 50-mg/kg (body weight) oral dose of amopyroquin base. After a rapid absorption phase, the drug concentrations decreased in the plasma, with a terminal half-life of 14.5 h. The drug was widely distributed in the liver and lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys and spleen. In rabbits, the kinetic parameters were compared after a single 10-mg/kg dose of amopyroquin base through intravenous, intramuscular (i.m.), and oral routes. The similar bioavailability values (0.67 and 0.69) suggested that the drug could be used through i.m. or oral administration. Clearance and distribution volume did not differ significantly among the three modes of administration, and the terminal half-lives were 18.1 +/- 3.3, 23.9 +/- 6.7, and 25.7 +/- 5.4 h for intravenous, i.m., and oral routes, respectively. The ratio of concentrations in erythrocytes and plasma was about 5 in rats and rabbits. Three metabolites were detected in both animal species (one was tentatively identified as the primary amine derivative). The amopyroquin in vitro activity was tested against four chloroquine-susceptible and 11 chloroquine-resistant African Plasmodium falciparum strains. For all isolates, the 50% inhibitory concentrations of amopyroquin were much lower than those of chloroquine and monodesethylamodiaquine.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Absence of relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and hepatitis B virus infection in the Qalyub Governate, Egypt.

In order to determine whether infection with S. mansoni is related to a higher rate of infection with HBV and/or to a higher probability of HBsAg chronic carriage, a population based survey was carried out in Egypt in which HBV markers were studied in 67 subjects with heavy long-lasting S. mansoni infection. Controls were 67 subjects with no or low grade S. mansoni infection individually matched with the cases for age, sex and village of origin. 41.8% of the cases and 37.3% of controls showed no marker of HBV infection. The prevalence rate of anti-HBc alone was 4.5% in the cases and 7.5% in the controls. For anti-HBs the figures were 53.7% and 55.2% respectively. No cases or controls were positive for HBsAg. These data do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between infection with hepatitis B virus and S. mansoni.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Infection with hepatitis A and B viruses in French volunteers working in tropical Africa.

The risks of developing hepatitis A and B virus infections were studied in 233 French volunteers working for 18 to 35 months in the field in West and Central Africa. During their stay in Africa, the seroconversion rates to antibody to hepatitis A virus of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and hepatitis B marker(s) were 48.1% and 10.5%, respectively; 21.5% of the volunteers developed jaundice, and 78.0% of the jaundice cases were associated with hepatitis A seroconversion, 14.0% with hepatitis B seroconversion, 4.0% with seroconversion to both, and 4.0% without seroconversion. Male health workers were at lower risk than other male occupations for hepatitis A infection. Female health workers were at higher risk than other female occupations for hepatitis A infection. Health workers were at a lower risk of hepatitis B infection, but the significance was borderline. Populations such as these volunteers should receive immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis A and B infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunological characteristics of malaria antibodies in two regions of Madagascar.

Antibodies directed against antigens of the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum were studied in the plasma of 29 individuals infected with P. falciparum and living in two areas of Madagascar. These plasma samples were investigated by four immunological methods: indirect fluorescence, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled P. falciparum polypeptides, inhibition of the in vitro growth of P. falciparum, and double diffusion in a gelose plate. A multifactorial correspondence analysis of the results obtained for each sample revealed that the nature of several of the antibodies varied according to the age and place of residence of the subjects. In comparison with plasma samples from older individuals, specimens from young children had a higher immunofluorescence titer, immunoprecipitated several additional peptides (90, 110, and 118 kilodaltons), revealed more precipitation lines in the Ouchterlony plate technique, and did not inhibit the in vitro growth of P. falciparum to the same extent. Furthermore, as opposed to plasma samples from individuals living in the high central plateau, plasma samples from individuals living on the east coast of the island inhibited the penetration of erythrocytes by merozoites of one of the two studied P. falciparum strains and preferentially immunoprecipitated low-, rather than high-, molecular-weight peptides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fifty cases of late prosthetic valve endocarditis: improvement in prognosis over a 15 year period.

The clinical course, prognostic factors, and management of 50 cases of late prosthetic valve endocarditis, occurring more than two months after valve replacement, were reviewed. Twenty nine cases that presented from 1971 to 1980 were compared with 21 cases that presented from 1981 to 1985. Apart from an appreciable decrease in the frequency of neurological complications between the first period (38%) and the second period (10%) no differences in clinical or bacteriological features were seen. Seventeen (59%) of the 29 cases in the earlier period and four (19%) of the 21 cases in the later period died. The rationale for antimicrobial treatment was similar during both periods. Cardiac surgery was performed in eight of 29 cases between 1971 and 1980 and in 11 of 21 between 1981 and 1985; the mean (SD) time between diagnosis of endocarditis and operation was 28 (19) days and 43 (44) days respectively. Six of the eight cases operated on in the first period died as did two of the 11 operated on in the second period. Twenty seven of the 29 cases presenting between 1971 and 1980 were treated with anticoagulants--either warfarin (15 of 27) or heparin sodium (12 of 27). Sixteen of the 21 cases presenting later were given anticoagulants and 15 of these cases were given heparin sodium. Control of anticoagulation was inadequate in nine of the 27 cases treated with anticoagulants during the first period and in only two of 16 treated during the second period. During the first treatment period neurological complications were more frequent when control of anticoagulation was inadequate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Impaired acquired resistance of mice to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection induced by acute NO2 exposure.

The natural resistance of nonimmunized C57Bl/6 mice to an intraperitoneal Klebsiella pneumoniae challenge was not significantly affected by prior continuous exposure to 20 ppm NO2 for 4 days. In contrast, the acquired resistance of mice immunized just before and infected just after NO2 exposure was seriously impaired. This could not be explained by the loss of appetite (about 30%) observed in NO2 treated mice, for neither the natural nor acquired resistance of control air exposed mice given approximately 70% ad libitum food and water were significantly modified.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fulminant viral hepatitis and pregnancy in Algeria and France.

The relationship between fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) and pregnancy was compared in Algeria and France. This comparison was based on the study of 22 Algerian and 77 French pregnant and non-pregnant women, aged 15 to 49 years, consecutively admitted for FVH to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Constantine, Algeria, or to Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France. The observed and expected (calculated from demographic data) percentage of pregnant women was significantly different among the Algerian patients with FVH (45.5% v. 24.9%, P less than 0.03), but not among the French patients (3.9% v. 5.8%). Hepatitis A was the cause of FVH in none of the Algerian patients, but in eight French patients, none of whom was pregnant. Hepatitis B was the cause of FVH in one non-pregnant Algerian patient and in 49 French patients, two of whom (4.1%) were pregnant. Hepatitis non-A, non-B was the cause of FVH in 21 Algerian patients, ten of whom (47.6%, a percentage significantly higher than expected, P less than 0.04) were pregnant, and in 19 French patients, one of whom (5.3%, a percentage similar to that expected) was pregnant. In conclusion, (1) there is a relationship between FVH and pregnancy in Algeria, but not in France, and (2) this difference is mainly or exclusively attributable to infection with a non-A, non-B virus affecting the Algerian population, but which is much less common or absent in France.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Echotomographic and serologic screening for hydatidosis in a Tunisian village.

Echotomographic and serologic screening for hydatidosis was carried out in 1,650 subjects aged over 5 years in a village located in a high risk region of central Tunisia. Echotomography detected liver cysts in 6 subjects (prevalence rate: 3.6 per 1,000). These 6 cases were among the 7 positive cases detected by ELISA. In all 6, the diagnosis of liver cysts was confirmed. No other localization was found in any of the subjects including one with a positive ELISA and a normal echotomographic examination. This work demonstrates the high feasibility of echotomography in the field and confirms the high prevalence rate of hydatidosis in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in a population of children in central Tunisia.

The prevalence rate of HBV markers in the overall population was 18.0%. The prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 3.3% and 12.2% respectively. 2.5% of the children were negative for these markers but positive for anti-HBc alone. Of the 17 HBsAg positive children, 10 were HBeAg positive and four were anti-HBe positive. The statistical study using multifactorial correspondence analysis and the chi 2 test showed a positive relationship between the prevalence rate of anti-HBs and age, and a negative relationship between the prevalence rate of 'absence of markers' and age. The male sex and urban dwelling were related to higher prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc alone and to a lower prevalence rate of 'absence of markers'. No relationship was found between geographical zone, father's education and HBV markers. The implications of these results in terms of prevention are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Antibodies to HTLV-I p24 in African and Portuguese populations.

Using a radioimmunoassay to detect HTLV-I protein antibodies of molecular weight 24,000, we screened populations from Algeria (140 subjects), Tunisia (442), Mali (69), Senegal (415), Uganda (135), the Central African Republic (77), the Congo (360), and Madagascar (193). Only four subjects were positive (1 from Senegal, 1 from Uganda, 2 from the Congo). This is a much lower figure than that found by others in Africa by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. In addition, 319 Portuguese blood donors (46 of whom have lived in Angola or Mozambique) were screened using the same radioimmunoassay. All were negative.

Adolescent↗