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Biomedical subjects

C Gauthier

Publications and source records attributed to C Gauthier.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Turnover studies of human beta 2-microglobulin in the rat: evidence for a beta 2-microglobulin-binding plasma protein.

1. 125I-labelled beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was injected into rats and protein or non protein-bound radioactivity was determined in plasma urine and several organs. 2. The observed kinetics differed from those expected according to the bicompartmental model for plasma protein turnover. The difference was attributed to the binding of a part of the tracer to a plasma component. Chromatography of plasma taken after injection of beta 2m showed an additional peak of radioactivity at the 55,000-80,000 daltons position. 3. In animals with ligated renal arteries, disappearance of the tracer from the plasma was markedly prolonged, and little non-protein-bound radioactivity was detectable in plasma, indicating that the kidney was the major site of catabolism of beta 2m. 4. Chromatography of plasma from control rats and rats with ligated renal arteries showed that the kidney was the major site of catabolism for free beta 2m only. 5. In normal rats, the urine was found to contain only non-protein-bound radioactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The determination of the specific activity of plasma glycerol.

A method for the determination of the specific activity of plasma glycerol is described. Anionic contaminants are first removed from deproteinzed plasma by anionic exchange resins (treated plasma). Glycerol in treated plasma is then quantitatively converted to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), which is isolated by column chromatography and counted for 14C radio-activity. The specific activity thus calculated was 100.1 +/- 2.9% of a standard of known specific activity. When the specific activity of glycerol is determined from plasma without prior removal of anionic contaminants (untreated plasma), the calculated specific activity is 1.99 +/- 0.15 times higher than the one calculated after their removal. Omission of the removal of contaminants leads to a near 100% error in the calculation of the turnover rate of glycerol.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Piretanide and urinary excretion of ions in rat. Effect of indomethacin.

1. Piretanide is a new loop diuretic resembling furosemide. The effects of this diuretic on various parameters of renal function and on the excretion of the major ions were studied on anaesthetized, hydrated rats. 2. Piretanide induced a marked diuresis and increased sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium excretion. Calcium excretion increased more than that of sodium. Urinary osmolality and water reabsorption decreased. 3. Inulin clearance and phosphate excretion were significantly altered by piretanide. 4. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin did not suppress the effects of piretanide on diuresis nor its effects on urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium, since these parameters increased in the same proportion in the presence or in the absence of indomethacin. 5. Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished piretanide-induced dissociation of sodium and calcium excretions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Yeast, rye, and calf histones. Similarities and differences detected by electrophoretic and immunological methods.

Yeast histones H2A, H2B, and H3 were purified using the standard histone purification procedures of differential solubility and exclusion chromatography. Yeast histone H4 was isolated by the same methods in a fraction containing one other major protein component. The four yeast core histones were identified by their reactions with antisera against rye and (or) calf histone fractions as well as by their electrophoretic, chromatographic, and solubility properties. The immunological distances between yeast H2B and rye and calf H2B fractions are substantial, as is the rye-calf distance for H2B. The immunological distance between yeast H2A and rye H2A is also large and is similar to the rye H2A - calf H2A distance. On the other hand, the immunological distance between yeast H3 and rye and calf H3 is much greater than that between rye H3 and calf H3. These and other results indicate that yeast H3 differs appreciably from the H3 of higher eucaryotes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A three step purification procedure for human liver ferritin.

We describe a method for the purification of normal human liver ferritin by ultrafiltration, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, and affinity chromatography on DEAE-Affi Gel Blue. The purity of the ferritin obtained was verified by immunoelectrophoresis, Ouchterlony immuno-diffusion, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electrofocusing. This rapid method yields 32% of the original ferritin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of acidosis, alkalosis and monofluoroacetate administration on citrate and ATP content of rat renal medulla and papilla.

1. --Renal distribution of citrate showed that there is an increase in citrate content from cortex to medulla and a decrease from medulla to papilla. Alkalosis produced an increase in citrate content and acidosis a decrease in renal citrate content, in each of the studied renal area. Monofluoroacetate produced no significant change in citrate content of medulla or papilla; it did not interfere with the acido-basic related changes in cortex citrate content, but its effect was additive. 2. --Renal distribution of ATP significantly decreased from cortex to medulla and from medulla to papilla. Acid or basic diet had no influence on intratissular ATP content. Fluoroacetate decreased renal ATP content.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1980

A new device for differentiated tissue sampling in rat kidney.

Since freeze-clamping does not allow to sample the diffrent renal areas a new method of kidney tissue sampling in anesthetized rats is described. It consists in sectioning a slice in the middle of the rat kidney and immediately freezing. This device allows quick and accurate separation of the different renal areas, and especially of the papilla which is almost entirely sampled. Complete freezing is obtained within 7s after clamping of the renal artery. As proof of adequate "in vivo" fixing, adenine nucleotide levels were assessed in each tissue sample. ATP concentration in cortex samples was 1.62 +/- 0.33 mumole/g wet tissue, this value is comparable with those obtained in the cortex by freeze-clamping.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1979

Effect of monofluoroacetate on renal H+ excretion in the rat.

In order to investigate the effect of monofluoroacetate (MFA) on renal H+ excretion, anesthetized rats under mannitol diuresis were given intraperitoneally MFA and some of the acido-basic status parameters were determined. Urinary pH and pCO2 did not change after MFA administration, while urinary flow rate increased. MFA induced a decrease in H+ net excretion and in ammonia excretion. Titratable acidity did not change significantly within the experiment.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

[Benign forms of multiple sclerosis : a revaluation (author's transl)].

The authors studied 38 cases of benign forms of MS, defined as those allowing a normal or nearly normal social, occupational, and family life over a "long" period of tens of years, for at least 15 years (mean : 28 years, range : 15 to 68 years).--Forms with rare relapses with long intervals between them (18 cases), and a mean period of 14 years (5 to 30) between the first and second episode.--Recurrent forms (17 cases) with frequent attacks (one or two a year), including 8 cases with no further relapses after an average period of 10 years, and 9 cases with continuation at the same rhythm for 15 to 23 years.--Secondarily progressive forms belonging to both types--8 in the first and 3 in the second--characterized by the late onset (mean : 25 years, range : 15 to 47 years) of a progressive paraplegia.--Slow forms (3 cases) with an early but only slowly evolving progressive phase, which fall into a border line category of benign forms. Independently of the mean age of onset (26 years); the predominence of females (2.2); and the symptomatology of the first attack (40 p. 100 involve the cranial nerves, and 40 p. 100 have pyramidal signs), the two essential characteristics of benign forms are the remarkable regression of relapses (rare of frequent) and the absence of a progressive phase. Once the 10-year point has been passed without permanent disability the prognosis is good, but with the reserve that the disease can become worse at a later stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholics. Value of pre- and postoperative treatment].

Thiamine deficiency in the chronic alcoholic would appear to have a triple origin: inadequate intake, absorption and utilisation. Its consequences are well known: peripheral neuropathy, WERNICKE and KORSAKOFF type encephalopathies and cardiac problems (with asystole at the extreme). The active principle of thiamine, TPP or cocarboxylase, is involved as a coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and of alphaketoglutarate decarboxylase in the ocidative decarboxylation reactions of the Krebs cycle. TPP is involved as a coenzyme of transketolase in the transketolisation reactions of the pentose pathway. The stimation of transketolase demonstrates a deficiency in thiamine. Fourteen patients suffering from surgical ENT malignancies were involved in the present study. Seven patients received vitamin B therapy before and after the operation. The results showed a significant decrease in thiamine deficiency. Seven were used as controls and did not receive vitamin B therapy. Transketolase estimations showed and increase in the deficiency. Thiamine deficiency exists in the chronic alcoholic and may be corrected by the administration of B vitamins.

Alcoholism↗