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Biomedical subjects

C Geissler

Publications and source records attributed to C Geissler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Are international anthropometric standards appropriate for developing countries?

To test the validity of using international standards as references for the assessment of nutritional status, investigations have been carried out on pre-school aged children selected from three distinct ecological environments in Papua New Guinea. Field work included anthropometric measurements (weight, height, triceps skin-fold, mid-upper-arm circumference, mid-upper-arm muscle circumference), together with pathological and clinical assessments (intestinal helminths, diarrhoea, splenomegaly, PEM signs). The findings indicate that any deviation below standard weight, height, and arm circumference is associated with greater prevalence of disease. International standards are therefore appropriate for preschool aged children in Papua New Guinea and by inference in other developing countries.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1991

[Experiences with adjuvant prostaglandin therapy in vascular surgery interventions].

Two prospective randomized trials were referred. In the first study 50 patients with femorotibial greater saphenous vein in situ bypasses were treated intraarterially with 0.2 ng PGE 1/kg body weight/min and 15,000 i.U. of heparine continuously. The control group of 50 patients also got 15,000 i.U. of heparine and 3 x 0.5 g of Aspirin. We observed 2 (4%) immediate occlusions in the PGE 1 group and 7 (14%) immediate occlusions in the control group. This difference proved to be statistically significant. In the second study 83 patients with three level occlusions (ilio-femoro-tibial) in stage III and IV were treated with a profundaplasty. 42 patients received 60 micrograms PGE 1 in 250 ml saline twice daily. The control group of 41 patients only got twice 250 ml saline over a period of three weeks. In the PGE 1 group 26 patients (61%) showed disappearance of rest pain and healing of necrotic lesions, whereas in the control group this could only be achieved in 15 patients (35%). The difference proved to be statistically significant.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

Causes of malnutrition in young children: Gilan, Iran.

Causes of malnutrition were investigated in agricultural area of Gilan, Iran. Family food availability and adult food intakes were adequate, but intakes of young children were deficient, in all socioeconomic groups, reflected in growth deficits. Associated factors were: late introduction and small quantities of solid food, poor maternal knowledge of child feeding, low dietary energy density due to rationing and high price of animal products, contamination of water supply, and use of sedative drugs.

Body Height↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of energy concentration and source on the use of feed protein and NPN in lambs. 3. Allantoin excretion and microbial protein synthesis].

In an N balance experiment with male crossbreeding lambs at an age of 3 ... 4 months four different rations were given differing in energy concentration (high greater than 700 EFU cattle/kg DM and low less than 650 EFU cattle/kg DM) and in the energy source (sugar, starch or crude fibre) with crude protein intake being almost equal. The rations contained 2% urea. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was assessed according to ROTH and KIRCHGESSNER (1978) (1), RYS et al. (1975) (2) and BICKEL-BAUMANN and LANDIS (1986) (3) on the basis of allantoin excretion in urine. The highest ruminal protein synthesis quotas were 868 ... 921 mg protein N per kg LW0.75 in (2). In (3) 723 ... 766 mg protein N/kg LW0.75 were synthesized. From the 15N labelling of the supplemented urea and the excreted allantoin it could be calculated that 26 ... 40% of the microbial protein resulted from the urea-N of the ration. Despite a high crude protein content of the ration of between 16 and 17% in the DM and a relation of NPN: pure protein of 0.95 the utilization of the NPN in the ration was relatively high but slightly lower than the utilization of pure protein. The variants with higher energy concentration showed as a tendency higher allantoin excretion in spite of slightly lower dry matter intake and a slightly higher NPN utilization than the variants with lower energy concentration.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of pregnancy and lactation on digestive processes in sheep].

The average passage time, the rumen fluid volume and the digestibility of the organic matter were determined in addition to 3 individual feeding experiments with fertility oriented crossbreed ewes, which received pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures. The average passage time of the feed particles through the digestive tract is shorter in pregnant animals than in lactating ones. It is longest in non-pregnant sheep. High quotas of straw and coarse particles prolong the passage time, increasing feed intake and supplements of long straw shorten it. The volume of rumen fluid is lower in ewes fed ad libitum in the stage of late pregnancy and after lactation than during lactation. The rumen fluid volume is also lower in restrictively fed animals during the stage of late pregnancy than during lactation. In animals in the stage of late pregnancy it correlates negatively with the weight of the litter. On an average of all experiments at maintenance level the digestibility of the organic matter in ewes in the 4th month of pregnancy gravidity amounted to 56.6%, in the 2nd month of lactation to 59.8% and in wethers to 59.5% Due to an increase of energy intake from maintenance to 2. maintenance digestibility of the straw-concentrate mixture with 40% straw decreased by 5.5 units and of that with 60% straw by 17.8 units in the period before delivery. Pregnancy in the 4th month resulted in a digestion depression of between 3.0 and 5.8 units.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Urea utilization in growing lambs. 6. N balance with 15N urea].

Lambs of an age of 2 or 4 months and of an average live weight of 14.7 and 27.4 kg resp. received rations consisting of 44% cereals, 46% dried sugar beet pulp, 6% wheat starch, 2% urea and 2% mineral-vitamin mixture. The crude protein content was 17.1 and 15.9% resp. in the dry matter, that of native crude protein 10.6 and 9.4% resp. During a 6-day N balance period 8 and 16 g 15N urea resp. with a 15N excess (15N') of 9.26 and 9.40 atom-% were fed orally instead of commercial feeding urea. There were no significant differences between the two age groups with regard to the digestibility of the organic matter and the crude nutrients. The average N balance of 372 +/- 85 mg/kg LW 0.75/day were in the intermediate range of N retention capacity and accounted for 26 +/- 5% of the consumed N. N retention in per cent. was slightly lower in younger lambs. Projections of urea utilization in a quasi stationary state resulted in an efficiency of the utilization of 33 +/- 4%. The dismembering of the lambs at the end of the main period showed between 0.02 and 0.22 atom-% 15N' in the total N, TCA precipitable N and amino acid N of the meat. At between 0.24 and 0.38 atom-% 15N' they were highest in the heart and jaw muscles. The quota of 15N' amounts found in the total N of the meat were 10.6 +/- 3% of the 15N-intake and 20.1 +/- 5.1% of the 15N' amount remaining in the body. The bones contained 7.7 +/- 1.7% and the fleece 7.9 +/- 3.1% of the 15N'-intake. Generally seen, the total N and urea utilization was slightly lower in younger lambs than in older ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Urea utilization in growing lambs. 3. Effect of urea and straw on carcass composition].

Subsequent to a growth experiment with intensively fattened lambs the value of the carcasses of 4 animals each from 7 groups was determined. The control groups with mixed fattening feed for lambs and the groups with wheat and barley mixtures containing urea showed higher carcass yields, net gains, fat percentage and padding, dry matter and fat content of the carcass and lower quotas of important cuts as well as a lower crude protein content in the carcass than groups with grain without urea and groups with straw. This is due to the higher weight gains of the first-mentioned groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass characteristics between the animals of the control group and the grain-urea groups. The carcass quality of the male lambs was better than that of the female ones.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[Urea utilization by growing lambs. 5. N-balance with half synthetic rations].

In experiment with 14-week-old lambs a combination of semisynthetic rations containing 1.2% or 0.7% resp. native crude protein an intraruminal infusion of urea clearly influenced the biologic processes in the rumen. The molar quotas of butyric and valeric acid in comparison with acetic were high. The lambs could cope with infused amounts of 0.67 g urea/kg body weight if they received the daily amount of 1.35 g/kg body weight in two parts. When more than 1.9 g/kg body weight were applied, feed intake decreased even though the daily amount was distributed over 4 doses. In 10 out of 16 lambs N retention was, in dependence on the urea amounts infused, higher than the N amount retained from native crude protein. The result indicates that urea is utilized by 14-week-old lambs. Growing energy and N intake had a positive influence on the N balance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on rumen fermentation with special reference to the volatile fatty acid production rate in ewes during reproduction. 2. Production rate of volatile fatty acids and rumen volume].

Methods and results of the measuring of the rumen volume and the passage rate as well as the dependence of the production of volatile fatty acids on the parameters mentioned are described. The correlative relations between rumen volume on the one hand and feed passage on the other hand to the production quotas are investigated. Passage rates and rumen volumes were determined with the help of the isotope dilution method. In the course of reproduction rumen volumes of 7.81, 6.41, 8.91, 7.11 in experiment 1 and 5.41, 5.81, 9.51 and 4.71 in experiment 2 were measured in the sequence early stage of gestation, late stage of gestation, lactation and the period between pregnancies. The average total production of volatile fatty acids within 12 hours amounted to 475 mmol, 265 mmol, 313 mmol and 351 mmol in experiment 1 and 155 mmol, 175 mmol, 271 mmol and 144 mmol in experiment 2 in the same sequence. The average passage duration of the feed through the digestive tract of the ewes was 32.4 h in experiment 1 and 33.6 h in experiment 2. The relatively high feed intake of the ewes resulted in a short passage duration and could be a cause of the low production quotas of the volatile fatty acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Investigations concerning the use of the rumen fermentation regulator monensin in feeding fattening bulls].

In two digestion experiments with wethers and seven feeding experiments with 198 fattening bulls with rations rich in (greater than 55% of the dry matter intake from roughage), the influence of the antibiotic monensin on the digestibility of the ration, on rumen-physiologic characteristic values and on fattening and slaughtering results was investigated. The digestibility of the organic matter and the crude nutrients was not significantly influenced by the use of monensin (20 mg/kg dry matter). The administration of 200 mg monensin per fattening bull and day resulted in an increase of the molar concentration of propionate in the rumen fluid by 9.7 mol%, the concentration of acetate and butyrate decreased by 7.3 resp. 2.8 mol %. On an average of the seven experiments the intake of dry matter was diminished by 5.1% through the use of monensin, the live weight increase remained almost unaffected (3.0% additional increase), feed and energy requirement per kg live weight were improved by 7.9%. The fattening results do not always correspond in the various experiments. The results of the dressing of the carcass, the composition of the carcass and the quality of the meat remained unaffected by the administration of monensin.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Lactation and pregnancy in Iran. III. Hormonal factors.

Lactation failure is common in urban areas of industrially developing countries, but little is known about its epidemiology and causality. The study reported here was undertaken to investigate the serum levels of some hormones other than prolactin that have been shown in animal studies to play a role in lactation, and to examine their relationship to adequacy of lactation and to nutritional and socioeconomic status in urban Iranian women. Serum levels of placental lactogen, growth hormone, cortisol, and thyroid hormones were measured under standard conditions in two groups of pregnant women from low and low middle socioeconomic areas of Teheran, 1 or 2 weeks before parturition and the latter three hormones again in the 3rd month postpartum. Significant differences were found in the biochemical parameters between socioeconomic groups. Hemoglobin and serum albumin values were lower and all the globulin fractions (except alpha 2 globulin during pregnancy), growth hormone and cortisol were higher in the low than the middle socioeconomic subjects, both during pregnancy and postpartum. The discrepancies between the socioeconomic groups were greater postpartum. Growth hormone level was significantly lower in subjects with adequate lactation than inadequate or ceased, and cortisol values show the same trend. No correlations were found between the measured parameters of nutritional status nor free thyroxine values and lactation adequacy. In view of the role of growth hormone and cortisol in stress and malnutrition and some evidence of a reciprocal relationship between growth hormone and prolactin, these hormones may be a link in the chain between the urban environment, malnutrition and lactation failure.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Lactation and pregnancy in Iran. I. Social and economic aspects.

Adequacy of lactation was assessed in Teheran women of low (LSE) and lower-middle (MSE) socioeconomic status in the third month postpartum, as part of a study linking nutrition, hormonal status, and lactation. Methods of assessment of nutritional adequacy are discussed. Characteristics of the socioeconomic groups, infant mortality, food beliefs related to lactation, and supplemental feeding practices are described. Of the LSE mothers 15 to 30% and of the MSE mothers 40 to 55% had a fully adequate milk supply in the third month. Substitutes used and affordable by the LSE were nutritionally inadequate. LSE mothers were traditional in their food beliefs. MSE mothers demonstrate the influence of scientific nutrition knowledge. The low percentage of lactation adequacy even in the MSE indicates that other social or health factors associated with urban living conditions may be just as important as economic and nutritional factors in lactation failure.

Energy Intake↗
PubMed1978

Lactation and pregnancy in Iran. II. Diet and nutritional status.

Dietary intake in the third month postpartum and nutritional status during pregnancy close to term were assessed in Iranian urban uomen of low and middle socioeconomic status as part of a study investigating nutrition, hormonal status, and lactation in a population where lactation failure is a serious problem. Dietary intake was assessed by the 24-hr-recall method. The greatest differential in food groups consumed was in animal products, fruit, and vegetables. Intake of nutrients equal to or less than 80% of recommendations in both socioeconomic groups were energy, vitamin B6, folacin, calcium, iron, and zinc. In the low socio-economic group, only average intakes of vitamin C, thiamin and protein met the standards. Significant differences were found between the socioeconomic groups in hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum total protein, and protein fractions, but not in weight and height. The only parameters of nutritional status significantly correlated with adequacy of lactation were postpartum weight and percent of standard weight for height in the low socioeconomic group, and hematocrit values in the middle socioeconomic group. Differences between pregnant and postpartum individual values of the blood parameters were in general greater in the middle socioeconomic group than the low socioeconomic group.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1977

[The use of decanted solids from swine manure in the nutrition of fattening calves].

3 feeding trials were carried out in which dried and decanted solids from pig faeces were used in varying proportions. A total of 55 fattening bulls were slaughtered at the end of the trial period. Additionally, a number of characteristic data on ruminal physiology were determined in these trials. The molar proportions of acetate and propionate found with the feeding of rations containing faecal solids were intermediate between those observed in concentrate feeding and those established with the feeding of commercial food pellets containing 40% or 50% straw. Slight increases in the molar proportion of butyrate were noticed when rations were fed containing faecal solids. Nonfasted animals fed rations containing a higher proportion of coarse fodder had a significantly lower slauglitered bady mass (0; 50% straw; 25% straw + 25% faecal solids; 50% faecal solids: 55.7%; 51.9%; 51.1%; or 52.2% of the final fattening weight). They developed a lower proportion of flesh and contained a higher proportion of digesta in the stomach and intestines (11.4%; 18.4%; 17.0%; or 16.3% of the final fattening weight). The proportion of fat contained in the stomach & bowels decreased with the feeding of straw or faecal solids. Other organs and tissues were not affected by the different types of feeding used. An analysis of the results of slaughtering showed that the feeding of faecal solids did not produce any specific effect.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

[Determination of urea in the ruminal fluid of sheep].

Low values for urea were found in samples of ruminal fluid of sheep fed concentrate rations if urea determination was carried out by the urease method. The present paper describes a both simple and sensitive colorimetric method of analysis using diacetyldioxime. The method is suitable for determining urea in coloured solutions such as ruminal fluid or silage extracts.

Animals↗