Evaluation of a 10 {micro}g cefoxitin disc for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by BSAC methodology.
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Cefoxitin↗
Biomedical subjects
C Gemmell
Publications and source records attributed to C Gemmell.
Susceptibility of MRSA to triclosan.
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Humans↗
Plasticity in the projection from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the anterior cingulate cortex in the rat in vivo: paired-pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation and short-term depression.
Several neurophysiological and computational theories of the rodent navigational system suggest that the differing cortices of the frontal lobe and thalamus share information and therefore undergo changes in synaptic strength. We examine here for the first time three forms of synaptic plasticity in the projection from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the anterior cingulate cortex: we demonstrate that this projection is capable of expressing paired-pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation, and short-term depression. Furthermore, input/output curves show that field excitatory post-synaptic potential amplitude increased at all stimulus intensities following high-frequency stimulation. These findings add important information to our understanding of synaptic plasticity in this important pathway, which has been widely hypothesized to play important roles in memory and spatial representation in the rodent.
Animals↗
Does surface chemistry affect thrombogenicity of surface modified polymers?
With some exceptions, surface chemistry had little effect on platelet and leukocyte activation, and cell deposition, by scanning electron microscopy after blood exposure and clotting times among a group of 12 unmodified and plasma modified tubings. All materials activated platelets and leukocytes to detectable levels, although some materials increased the value of one activation parameter but not another. Unmodified materials [polyethylene (PE), Pellethane (PEU), latex, nylon, and Silastic] and modified materials (H(2)O plasma treated PE and PEU, CF(4) plasma treated PE, fluorinated PEU, NH(4) plasma treated PEU, polyethylene imine treated PEU, and heparin treated PEU) were characterised by XPS and contact angle. The objective of this project was to define a series of assays for the evaluation of hemocompatibility of cardiovascular devices with a view to clarify the specific requirements of ISO-10993-4, and to define an appropriate screening program for new blood contacting biomaterials. PE, PE--CF(4), PE--H(2)0, PEU--F, latex, and PEU-heparin were the exceptions to the general observations, although each behaved differently. PE proved to be least reactive, whereas PE-CF(4) was most reactive by several assays. Platelet microparticle formation (determined by flow cytometry), PTT, postblood exposure SEM, total SC5b-9, C3a, and platelet and leukocyte loss (cell counts) were able to distinguish differences among these materials, and often, but not always, showed expected correlations.
Biocompatible Materials↗
Long-term potentiation and paired-pulse facilitation in the prelimbic cortex of the rat following stimulation in the contralateral hemisphere in vivo.
We demonstrate here for the first time that the afferent fibres to the prelimbic component of prefrontal cortex and/or their associated, recurrent collateral local-circuit axons are capable of expressing paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation after stimulation of the prelimbic component in the contralateral hemisphere. Long-term potentiation resulted from both high- and low-frequency stimulation protocols. It was not possible to obtain either depotentiation of previously potentiated synapses or long-term depression with the protocol used. Input-output analyses revealed interactions between separate components of the evoked responses. Since neurophysiological and computational theories of the rodent navigational system include the prefrontal cortex, these findings add important information to theories of prefrontal function and spatial representation in the rodent.
Animals↗
Disorientation combined with bilateral parietal cortex lesions causes path integration deficits in the water maze.
The navigational abilities of rats were examined using the water maze after disorientation induced by rotation and/or swimming in darkness. Control and light-disoriented groups performed similarly, whereas the dark group and the dark-disoriented groups were initially much slower but improved to control levels. After receiving bilateral parietal lesions, multiple start position tests showed that both rotation groups were severely impaired in finding the hidden platform. The effects of disorientation induced by darkness and by rotation are therefore separable.
Analysis of Variance↗
Medial prefrontal cortex lesions cause deficits in a variable-goal location task but not in object exploration.
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) in goal-directed behavior was examined in rats with aspiration lesions. In Experiment 1, PFC lesions resulted in an impaired ability to relearn the location of a behaviorally defined goal arm of a plus-maze after it was moved from an initially fixed position. Lesioned rats also exhibited a significantly greater degree of perseveration compared with control animals. Experiment 2 was an object exploration task in which rats had to respond to a change in the layout of the environment. PFC-lesioned rats performed identically to controls, therefore demonstrating that the deficits observed in Experiment 1 did not result from a deficit in the ability to explore the environment. The results are discussed in terms of several competing, but not mutually exclusive explanations of the role of the PFC in navigation and spatial representation.
Animals↗
Can the routine culture of synovial fluid be justified?
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Adolescent↗
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered ciprofloxacin in abdominal surgery.
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Abdomen↗
Role of pulmonary alveolar macrophage activation in acute lung injury after burns and smoke inhalation.
Bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 42 fire victims and from 18 patients who were smokers attending for diagnostic bronchoscopy (controls) were assessed morphologically and by chemiluminescence. 10 of the victims had inhaled smoke only; 15 had cutaneous burns only; and 17 had combined injury. The combined injury group had significant increases in polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages, especially mature forms, compared with controls. These increases were higher than those expected from the individual injuries. The combined injury group had significantly greater spontaneous chemiluminescence than controls, again greater than that expected by the individual injuries. The chemiluminescence response to stimulation by opsonised bacteria was significantly higher in the combined injury group than in controls, but significantly lower than that in the smoke inhalation only group. The size of the alveolar cellular response to smoke and cutaneous burns suggests that lung damage follows from excess release of inflammatory mediators, exhaustion of the reserve of mature phagocytes and consequent reduced ability to fight bacteria, or both.
Acute Disease↗
Mystery arrhythmia.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Mystery arrhythmia.
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Electrocardiography↗
Mystery arrhythmia.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗