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C Gimeno

Publications and source records attributed to C Gimeno.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Sensitivity of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus isolated from pediatric pharyngotonsillitis to erythromycin and clarithromycin: a primary care multicenter study].

BACKGROUND: The recent increase in the prevalence of macrolide-resistant group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (BHSGA) strains reported in some areas in Spain and several neighboring countries underscores the need to perform a periodic surveillance, with the adequate methodology, of the level of its susceptibility to these antimicrobials which are frequently used in our country for the treatment of acute streptococcal pharingotonsillitis and respiratory tract infections. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The susceptibility of 293 isolates of BHSGA to the macrolides erythromycin and clarithromycin was evaluated by the broth microdilution procedure recommended by the NCCLS (1997). The isolates were prospectively obtained from children with acute pharyngotonsillitis (n = 757) who were seen at primary care centers in ten Spanish cities. RESULTS: An overall prevalence of 8.9 and 7.8% erythromycin- and clarithromycin-resistant BHSGA isolates was respectively found. The percentage of resistant isolates varied considerably among the different cities subjected to study (0-33%). Overall, the intrinsic activity of clarithromycin (MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.007 and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively) was slightly higher than that of erythromycin (MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.015 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively). All strains studied were uniformly susceptible to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS: Macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and clarithromycin, continue to be highly active against BHSGA. The mean level of resistant strains found in Spain from community acquired infections and recovered prospectively is comparable to that of our neighboring countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Complications associated with central venous catheters in patient with hematologic neoplasms or hematopoietic transplants].

OBJECTIVE: Nontunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) have been found an excellent cost-effective alternative to tunneled CVCs with comparable durability and safety when managed by a specialized team. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications related with a nontunneled polyurethane CVC in a medium-size hospital without such dedicated services. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A representative sample of 82 cancer patients with 123 nontunneled CVCs inserted at our centre were followed up and evaluated clinically and microbiologically. Insertion and care were performed by the medical and nursing teams. RESULTS: The mean duration of the catheters in place was 28.2 days. Eleven mechanic complications (8.9%) were observed. We had a total of 3,380 days of catheter use with an infection rate of 0.86 per 100 catheter-days. Staphylococcus coagulase-negative was the most common microorganism isolated. Local and systemic infection showed a different pattern of incidence, early after insertion and a month later respectively. Male sex and neutropenia at catheter removal were the only risk factors for bacteremia while receiving antibiotics at insertion date was a protecting factor. Age, number of lumens, insertion difficulty or patient diagnosis were not related with infection risk. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination at catheter insertion clinical or manipulation must be avoided especially when a neutropenia period is expected. A highly trained team working under rigorous guidelines is an important factor for optimal clinical and economic results with nontunneled CVCs. The cost of a specialized infusion team may well be below the price of poorly maintained catheters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study on the efficacy of the new quinolone alatrofloxacin in the treatment of experimental legionellosis in guinea pigs.

The in vivo efficacy of trovafloxacin, intraperitoneally administered as alatrofloxacin (CP-116,517), was assessed and compared with that of erythromycin, alone or in combination with rifampicin, in a model of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in guinea pigs. Trovafloxacin (5 mg/kg administered as alatrofloxacin once daily for 7 days) gave a survival rate of 100% in infected animals. Clearance of bacteria and of bacteria-induced lesions from lungs was achieved by day 6 post-inoculation. The lungs of trovafloxacin-treated animals remained free of bacteria at day 28 post-challenge. Trovafloxacin proved as effective as erythromycin administered intraperitoneally, but was superior to erythromycin alone. or in combination with rifampicin, when given orally.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Human infection with Hymenolepis diminuta: case report from Spain.

We report a case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a human. The patient was a 5-year-old girl referred to us through the onset of a cyanotic attack. Treatment with a single dose (10 mg/kg of body weight) of praziquantel was ineffective, but the parasite was eradicated after three treatment cycles with the same drug at dosages of 25 mg/kg/day for 5 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in the Valencia Community, Spain. Acute diseases study group].

OBJECTIVE: To asses the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in children of de Valencian Community (VC), Spain, and to describe the microbiologic characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance system with paediatrician and microbiologist participation of all public hospitals of the VC. Cases are children less than 15 with clinical meningitis and with isolation of Hib, N. meningitidis or S. pneumoniae from CSF of blood. RESULTS: From 1st December 1995 to 30th November 1996, 51 cases were declared, 33.3% were Hib, 49.0% N. meningitidis and 17.7% S. pneumoniae. The annual incidence of meningitis was 7.6 cases/100,000 < 15 years, 20.5/100,000 < 5 years and 56.2/100,000 < 1 year. 84.3% of the cases occurred in children younger than 5. S. pneumoniae had the highest mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hib is a frequent cause of meningitis in spite of that one third of children are vaccinated. 43% of the N. meningitidis isolated in meningitis are serogroup C. S. pneumoniae meningitis are more frequent in children less than one, and has a high mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from pediatric carriers in Spain.

The in vitro activity of several beta-lactam agents, macrolides, and cotrimoxazole was investigated against 53 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from healthy children. The rates of resistance to penicillin or amoxicillin, cefaclor, and cefuroxime were 30%, 51%, and 37%, respectively. No cefotaxime-resistant isolates were found. Rates of resistance to erythromycin, clarithromycin, and cotrimoxazole were 22.6%, 13.2%, and 83%, respectively. Pneumococci with divergent antimicrobial susceptibility profiles (susceptible or moderately resistant vs. resistant isolates) coexisted in 32% samples, with divergencies more often involving beta-lactam agents and/or macrolides. In five of these samples, isolates belonged to different serotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Phylogenetic relationships of the Alyslinae/Opiinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) and the utility of cytochrome b, 16S and 28S D2 rRNA.

Subfamily to generic level relationships among the Opiinae and Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were investigated using DNA sequence data from c. 400 bp fragments of the cytochrome b, 16S rRNA and 28S D2 rRNA genes. The best recovery of morphologically-defined groups was achieved by 28S D2, followed by 16S with cytochrome b being very uninformative. We suggest ribosomal expansion regions may prove useful for this level of phylogenetic reconstruction. Combined analyses on all genes (using several alignment and phylogenetic methods) improved resolution but failed to resolve the proposed paraphyly of the Opiinae and Alysiini. Support was found for other relationships within the Opiinae and, contrary to a previous morphological study, there was strong evidence against the Gnamptodontinae being the sister group of the Opiinae/Alysiinae clade.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Penetration of meropenem in gram-negative bacilli. Differences in activity with imipenem].

The outer membrane of gramnegative bacteria cell-wall contain channels formed by proteins known as porins, which facilitate the penetration of molecules into the cell. Imipenem and meropenem possess an important intrinsic activity against most gramnegative bacteria due to their high affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins PBP-2 and/or PBP-3. Meropenem is slightly more active against certain species of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nonfermenters bacilli. In this sense the differences in the activity between the two carbapenems may be attributable to differences in their affinity for PBPs, differences in their resistance to beta-lactamases hydrolysis, or to the differences in the capacity to employ certain porin channels. OprF is the main porin channel involved in the beta-lactam penetration of bacteria, though OprC and OprD2 may also contribute to the penetration of carbapenems into P. aeruginosa. However, evidences suggest that although impenem requires the presence of OprD2, meropenem may use other pathways for penetration. In Escherichia coli both carbapenems use ompF and ompC, and no specific porin channels have been detected. Only in the case of Enterobacter cloacae may exceptions exists among Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between outer membrane protein profiles and resistance to ceftazidime, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from bacteremic patients.

Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles of 122 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from the blood of bacteremic patients were analyzed to relate alterations in the expression of OMPs with porin activity to resistance to imipenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin. Imipenem-resistant isolates lacked or expressed reduced amounts of porin OprD. In contrast, alterations of OMP profiles were absent in most ceftazidime-resistant isolates. Six of 12 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had normal OMP profiles. The remaining isolates showed alterations in the expression of either OprC, OprF, or OprD. In addition, imipenem- and ceftazidime-resistant isolates displayed a beta-lactamase activity compatible with that of a group 1 chromosomal cephalosporinase.

Anti-Infective Agents↗